A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?

Firmly attached white particles on the hair

Itching and scratching of the head

Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base

Patchy areas of hair loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Firmly attached white particles on the hair:

Firmly attached white particles on the hair are characteristic of nits, which are the eggs of lice. While this finding supports the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication on its own.

B. Itching and scratching of the head:

Itching and scratching of the head are common symptoms of pediculosis capitis. However, they are also common symptoms of various other scalp conditions, so they are not definitive indications.

C. Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base:

This description is more characteristic of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, rather than pediculosis capitis. Impetigo typically presents with yellow-crusted lesions on a red base, but it does not involve lice infestation.

D. Patchy areas of hair loss:

Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. This finding is more suggestive of conditions like alopecia areata or fungal infections.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Maculopapular lesions between fingers and toes:

This finding is not typically associated with atopic dermatitis. Maculopapular lesions between the fingers and toes are more commonly seen in conditions like scabies or fungal infections.

B. Inflamed area with white exudate:

This finding is also not characteristic of atopic dermatitis. An inflamed area with white exudate may indicate a bacterial infection rather than atopic dermatitis.

C. Nonpruritic erythematous papule:

Atopic dermatitis often presents with erythematous (red) papules (small raised bumps) that are pruritic (itchy). However, the presence of nonpruritic lesions is less typical of atopic dermatitis.

D. Rash with thick skin:

This finding is consistent with atopic dermatitis. Chronic scratching and rubbing of the affected areas can lead to thickening of the skin (lichenification) in individuals with atopic dermatitis.

A. Wheezing B. Rigid abdomen C. Pallor D. Weight loss E. Vomiting

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Wheezing: Wheezing is a common symptom associated with asthma, which can be exacerbated by gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. GER occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, leading to irritation and inflammation of the airways. This inflammation can cause wheezing sounds during breathing, especially if the refluxed material reaches the lower respiratory tract.

B. Rigid abdomen: While gastroesophageal reflux (GER) primarily affects the upper gastrointestinal tract, it typically does not cause a rigid abdomen. A rigid abdomen may indicate other underlying gastrointestinal issues such as bowel obstruction, intussusception, or peritonitis. These conditions are not typically associated with GER in infants.

C. Pallor: Pallor, or paleness of the skin, is not a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. GER primarily affects the upper gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by symptoms such as spitting up, regurgitation, and irritability. Pallor may be indicative of other health issues such as anemia or circulatory problems but is not directly related to GER.

D. Weight loss: Weight loss can occur in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) if frequent vomiting leads to inadequate intake of nutrients. However, it is not a direct symptom of GER itself. Infants with GER may experience feeding difficulties, irritability, and discomfort associated with feeding, which can contribute to poor weight gain over time if not managed effectively.

E. Vomiting: Vomiting is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. It occurs when stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus and sometimes out of the mouth. Infants with GER may spit up or vomit frequently after feeding or during burping, which can lead to discomfort and irritability. Vomiting may also contribute to poor weight gain and nutritional deficiencies if not managed effectively.

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A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?

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