A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?

Firmly attached white particles on the hair

Itching and scratching of the head

Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base

Patchy areas of hair loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Firmly attached white particles on the hair:

Firmly attached white particles on the hair are characteristic of nits, which are the eggs of lice. While this finding supports the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication on its own.

B. Itching and scratching of the head:

Itching and scratching of the head are common symptoms of pediculosis capitis. However, they are also common symptoms of various other scalp conditions, so they are not definitive indications.

C. Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base:

This description is more characteristic of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, rather than pediculosis capitis. Impetigo typically presents with yellow-crusted lesions on a red base, but it does not involve lice infestation.

D. Patchy areas of hair loss:

Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. This finding is more suggestive of conditions like alopecia areata or fungal infections.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Gross hematuria: Gross hematuria refers to visible blood in the urine, which can present as pink, red, or cola-colored urine. While hematuria can be associated with various kidney conditions, including Wilms' tumor, it is not a consistent or defining symptom of this specific tumor. Additionally, because the tumor is typically confined within the kidney and does not usually invade the urinary tract, gross hematuria might not always be present.

B. Dysuria: Dysuria is the medical term for painful or difficult urination. It is not a typical symptom of Wilms' tumor, as this tumor primarily affects the kidney and may not directly affect the urinary tract in a way that causes painful urination.

C. An abdominal mass: This is the correct answer. Wilms' tumor often presents as a palpable abdominal mass, which may be felt during physical examination. The mass is usually firm, non-tender, and confined to one side of the abdomen. Detection of an abdominal mass should prompt further diagnostic evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment.

D. Nausea and vomiting: While some children with Wilms' tumor may experience nausea and vomiting, these symptoms are nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions. They are not considered characteristic or defining features of Wilms' tumor. The presence of nausea and vomiting would prompt further assessment to determine the underlying cause

A. Barley B. Rye C. Rice D. Wheat

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Barley:

Barley is a grain that contains gluten. Foods made from barley, such as barley flour or barley-based products like bread, cereal, or beer, should be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because gluten can trigger an immune response that damages the small intestine.

B. Rye:

Similar to barley, rye is another grain that contains gluten. Foods made from rye, such as rye bread or rye-based cereals, should also be avoided by individuals with celiac disease because they can trigger adverse reactions due to gluten.

C. Rice:

Rice is a gluten-free grain and is safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume. It does not contain gluten proteins that can cause intestinal damage or trigger immune responses in those with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease.

D. Wheat:

Wheat is a major source of gluten and should be strictly avoided by individuals with celiac disease. Foods made from wheat, such as wheat bread, pasta, or baked goods, can lead to symptoms and intestinal damage in individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.

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A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?

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