A nurse is collecting data from a client who has gout and is taking allopurinol. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse identify as the priority to report to the provider?

Rash

Diarrhea

Nausea

Metallic taste in mouth

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Rash. A rash while taking allopurinol can indicate a serious hypersensitivity reaction, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These life-threatening conditions involve widespread skin blistering, mucosal involvement, and systemic symptoms. Immediate discontinuation of allopurinol and medical intervention are required to prevent severe complications.

B. Diarrhea. Mild gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea, are common with allopurinol use. While bothersome, diarrhea is not life-threatening and can often be managed by adjusting the dose or taking the medication with food. It does not require immediate discontinuation unless severe or persistent.

C. Nausea. Nausea is a common, mild side effect of allopurinol that usually resolves with time or by taking the medication after meals. It is not an emergency and does not require urgent intervention unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as vomiting or severe abdominal pain.

D. Metallic taste in mouth. A metallic taste can occur with allopurinol use but is not harmful. It is a minor side effect that does not indicate toxicity or severe adverse reactions. Clients can be reassured that this effect is temporary and not a reason to stop the medication.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lower the head of the client's bed. There is no need to lower the client’s head of the bed in response to receiving glipizide instead of guaifenesin. Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication used to lower blood glucose, while guaifenesin is an expectorant for respiratory conditions. Lowering the head of the bed does not address the potential effects of receiving the wrong medication.

B. Check the client for urinary retention. Glipizide does not cause urinary retention. Instead, it stimulates insulin release to lower blood sugar. If hypoglycemia occurs due to an unintentional dose of glipizide, symptoms such as sweating, dizziness, confusion, or tremors are more concerning than bladder dysfunction.

C. Offer the client a carbohydrate snack. Since glipizide lowers blood glucose levels, administering it instead of guaifenesin could result in hypoglycemia, particularly in a client who does not have diabetes. The nurse should monitor for signs of low blood sugar, such as shakiness, confusion, diaphoresis, and dizziness, and provide a fast-acting carbohydrate (e.g., juice, crackers, or glucose tablets) if symptoms develop.

D. Test the client’s deep-tendon reflexes. Glipizide does not affect neuromuscular function or deep-tendon reflexes. While severe hypoglycemia can cause altered mental status or seizures, routine reflex testing is not necessary for monitoring the effects of an incorrect glipizide administration.

A. Anorexia B. Arthralgia C. Nausea D. Wheezing

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Anorexia. Anorexia is a common side effect of sulfasalazine and is usually mild. It occurs due to the drug’s gastrointestinal effects but does not require immediate intervention. Managing symptoms with dietary modifications or taking the medication with food can help alleviate discomfort.

B. Arthralgia. Joint pain (arthralgia) can develop as a side effect of sulfasalazine, sometimes due to a drug-induced lupus-like reaction. Although it can cause discomfort, it is not immediately life-threatening. Monitoring symptoms and adjusting treatment may help manage this condition.

C. Nausea. Nausea frequently occurs with sulfasalazine use and is typically mild. It is often dose-dependent and can be managed by taking the medication with meals. While persistent nausea may require adjustments, it is not a medical emergency.

D. Wheezing. Wheezing suggests a hypersensitivity reaction, which can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening emergency. Sulfasalazine contains a sulfa component, which may trigger bronchospasm, angioedema, or respiratory distress. Immediate intervention, including discontinuing the drug and administering emergency treatment, is necessary.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has gout and is taking allopurinol. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse identify as the priority to report to the provider?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is monitoring a client's response to receiving glipizide instead of guaifenesin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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