A nurse is collecting data from a client who self-administers pilocarpine ophthalmic drops. Which of the following findings by the nurse indicates a systemic adverse effect of this medication?
Urinary retention
Hypertension
Diarrhea
Decreased salivation
The Correct Answer is C
a) Urinary retention: Pilocarpine, a cholinergic agent, promotes bladder contraction rather than causing retention.
b) Hypertension: Pilocarpine is more likely to cause hypotension.
c) Diarrhea: A parasympathetic effect of pilocarpine is increased gastrointestinal motility, leading to diarrhea.
d) Decreased salivation: Pilocarpine increases salivation.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a) Decreasing viscosity of the tears and allowing fluid to drain away from the eye: This is incorrect. Osmotic agents do not act by affecting the viscosity of tears or enhancing drainage.
b) Increasing plasma osmolarity and drawing extracellular fluid into the blood: Osmotic agents, like mannitol, work by increasing plasma osmolarity, which draws excess fluid from the eye into the bloodstream, thereby lowering intraocular pressure.
c) Blocking production of aqueous humor: This is incorrect. Blocking production of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action of medications like beta-blockers (e.g., timolol), not osmotic agents.
d) Promoting outflow of the aqueous humor into the tear ducts: This is incorrect. Promoting outflow of aqueous humor is the mechanism of action for other medications, such as prostaglandin analogs, not osmotic agents.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a) Mineralocorticoids: These are not used for allergic rhinitis. They primarily regulate sodium and potassium balance in the body.
b) Cortisol: Cortisol is a hormone, not a medication prescribed specifically for rhinitis.
c) Leukotrienes: These are used for allergic rhinitis treatment when antihistamines and sympathomimetics are ineffective. Leukotriene receptor antagonists help reduce inflammation.
d) Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for allergic rhinitis, especially for persistent symptoms that do not respond to other medications.
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