A nurse is collecting data on a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hypothermia

Bradycardia

Pulse deficit

Tachypnea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypothermia: Pneumonia typically presents with fever rather than hypothermia. Fever is a common response to infection and inflammation.

B. Bradycardia: Pneumonia usually causes tachycardia rather than bradycardia. Tachycardia is a compensatory response to improve oxygen delivery to tissues.

C. Pulse deficit: A pulse deficit is not a common finding in pneumonia. It is more associated with conditions like atrial fibrillation.

D. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common sign of pneumonia. It reflects the body’s attempt to improve oxygenation and compensate for impaired gas exchange.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Absence of breath sounds over the affected area is a hallmark sign of a pneumothorax. This occurs because air in the pleural space prevents lung expansion, leading to a lack of air movement and, consequently, no breath sounds. Monitoring for this symptom is critical in identifying a pneumothorax.
B. Coarse crackles are typically associated with fluid in the lungs, such as in cases of pulmonary edema or pneumonia. These sounds are not indicative of a pneumothorax, where air rather than fluid accumulates in the pleural space.
C. Inspiratory stridor is a high-pitched sound often associated with upper airway obstruction, such as in cases of croup or foreign body aspiration. It is not a common manifestation of a pneumothorax, which involves the pleural space rather than the upper airway.
D. Expiratory wheeze is typically associated with conditions that involve narrowing of the airways, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not a characteristic finding in pneumothorax, where the issue is lung collapse rather than airway constriction.

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch C. Hypoxemia due to dead space D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting: In ARDS, shunting can impair oxygenation but not directly carbon dioxide elimination. Shunting refers to blood flow through areas of the lung that are not ventilated properly, primarily affecting oxygenation.

B. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch: ARDS is typically associated with increased, not decreased, pulmonary arterial pressure due to the inflammatory process and reduced lung compliance. V/Q mismatch in ARDS usually results in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure.

C. Hypoxemia due to dead space: ARDS hypoxemia results from impaired gas exchange in damaged alveoli rather than dead space, which is more related to ventilation without perfusion.

D. Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness: ARDS is characterized by decreased pulmonary compliance, which is due to the stiffening of lung tissue from inflammation and edema. This stiffness makes lung expansion more difficult and is a key feature of ARDS.

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A nurse is collecting data on a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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