A nurse is caring for a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse associate with hypokalemia?

Hyperventilation

Bradypnea

Syncope

U waves on electrocardiogram

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis or anxiety rather than hypokalemia. Hypokalemia does not typically cause hyperventilation.

B. Bradypnea: Bradypnea (slow breathing) is not a common finding in hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can affect muscle function, including respiratory muscles, but bradypnea is not a characteristic sign.

C. Syncope: While syncope (fainting) can occur due to various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding directly associated with hypokalemia. Hypokalemia mainly affects the heart and muscles.

D. U waves on electrocardiogram: U waves are a classic electrocardiogram (ECG) finding associated with hypokalemia. These waves appear after the T wave and are indicative of the electrolyte imbalance affecting cardiac repolarization.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is higher to areas where the concentration is lower.": This statement incorrectly describes the direction of water movement. Water typically moves towards areas of higher solute concentration (higher sodium levels) through osmosis.

B. "Sodium moves from areas where the concentration of solute is lower to areas where the concentration is higher.": Sodium does not move this way in dehydration; the main issue is the movement of water, not sodium, in response to osmotic gradients.

C. "Water and sodium particles move together to areas where sodium particles are higher.": Water and sodium do not move together. Water follows solute (sodium) through osmotic processes, but sodium does not move in this manner during dehydration.

D. "Water moves from areas where the concentration of sodium is lower to the areas where the concentration of sodium is higher.": This statement correctly explains the principle of osmosis. In dehydration, water is lost from the body, leading to higher sodium concentration in the blood. This higher concentration draws water from cells to balance the osmotic pressure, resulting in elevated sodium levels.

A. Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy. B. Drink alcohol in small amounts only. C. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately. D. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Avoid vitamin supplements during therapy: This is not generally advised for isoniazid therapy. In fact, vitamin B6 supplements are often recommended to prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid.

B. Drink alcohol in small amounts only: Alcohol can increase the risk of liver toxicity when taking isoniazid. It is typically advised to avoid alcohol altogether during treatment.

C. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately: Isoniazid can cause liver toxicity, which can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). This is a serious side effect and should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.

D. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses: This recommendation is not related to isoniazid therapy. Aged cheeses are more relevant to patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to tyramine content.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse associate with hypokalemia?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about fluid shifts. The newly licensed nurse asks why sodium levels are high during dehydration. Which of the following responses should the charge nurse provide?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid. The nurse should plan to provide which information to the client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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