A nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client who has schizophrenia. Which of the following findings should the nurse document as positive symptoms? Select all that apply.

A. HIV targets macrophages, resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and antigen presentation: HIV can infect macrophages, but this is not the primary mechanism of immune suppression. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to immunodeficiency but is secondary to CD4+ T-cell depletion.

B. HIV primarily targets T lymphocytes, leading to decreased production of antibodies: HIV affects T lymphocytes, but the main consequence is the loss of CD4+ helper cells, which indirectly affects B-cell function. Antibody production is impaired, but the central issue is T-cell depletion.

C. HIV infects B lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens: HIV does not directly infect B cells. B-cell dysfunction occurs secondary to the loss of helper T-cell support, leading to inadequate immune responses.

D. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing progressive depletion of these cells and weakening the immune system: The virus targets CD4+ T-helper cells, gradually destroying them, which impairs both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, leaving the client susceptible to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related complications.

A. Tardive dyskinesia: This involves repetitive, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, grimacing, and abnormal tongue or neck motions. These symptoms are characteristic of tardive dyskinesia, a long-term side effect of first-generation antipsychotics caused by dopamine receptor hypersensitivity.

B. Agranulocytosis: This is a serious adverse effect but is not associated with abnormal motor movements. Instead, it presents with signs of infection such as fever, sore throat, and decreased white blood cell count, making it unrelated to the client’s current symptoms.

C. Akathisia: This condition is marked by restlessness, pacing, and an inability to remain still. It does not involve lip smacking, grimacing, or twisting movements, so the client’s presentation does not align with akathisia.

D. Dystonic reaction: Acute dystonia involves sudden, painful muscle contractions such as eye deviation, neck spasms, or jaw locking. The patient’s slow, repetitive, snakelike twisting movements and lip smacking are more consistent with tardive dyskinesia.