After receiving an albuterol nebulizer, a client complains of feeling anxious and shaky. Which response by the nurse is best?

"The next scheduled nebulizer treatment will be skipped."

"This is an expected side effect, but let me take your pulse."

"I will hold the respiratory medication for 24 hours."

"I will request medication for anxiety from the healthcare provider."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "The next scheduled nebulizer treatment will be skipped.": Skipping the next treatment without evaluation may compromise airway management. Albuterol is essential for bronchodilation, and withholding it could worsen respiratory distress.

B. "This is an expected side effect, but let me take your pulse.": Anxiety and tremors are common side effects of albuterol due to its beta-adrenergic stimulation. Monitoring the pulse is appropriate since tachycardia is a possible adverse effect requiring close observation.

C. "I will hold the respiratory medication for 24 hours.": Holding albuterol for 24 hours is unsafe, as the client may experience worsening bronchospasm or hypoxemia. Adjustments should only be made with provider guidance, not independently by the nurse.

D. "I will request medication for anxiety from the healthcare provider.": Anxiety in this context is a medication side effect, not a psychiatric condition. Treating it with additional medication is unnecessary when monitoring and reassurance are more appropriate.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. HIV targets macrophages, resulting in decreased phagocytic activity and antigen presentation: HIV can infect macrophages, but this is not the primary mechanism of immune suppression. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to immunodeficiency but is secondary to CD4+ T-cell depletion.

B. HIV primarily targets T lymphocytes, leading to decreased production of antibodies: HIV affects T lymphocytes, but the main consequence is the loss of CD4+ helper cells, which indirectly affects B-cell function. Antibody production is impaired, but the central issue is T-cell depletion.

C. HIV infects B lymphocytes, impairing the body's ability to recognize and respond to pathogens: HIV does not directly infect B cells. B-cell dysfunction occurs secondary to the loss of helper T-cell support, leading to inadequate immune responses.

D. HIV infects CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing progressive depletion of these cells and weakening the immune system: The virus targets CD4+ T-helper cells, gradually destroying them, which impairs both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, leaving the client susceptible to opportunistic infections and AIDS-related complications.

A. Avoiding crowded places such as public transportation during peak hours B. Appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics C. Taking prescribed medications with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset D. Maintaining strict personal hygiene practices

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Avoiding crowded places such as public transportation during peak hours: Avoiding crowded areas can help reduce exposure to infections, but it is not the most critical aspect of self-care. Clients cannot always fully avoid public spaces, and prevention strategies must be more comprehensive.

B. Appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics: Some clients with HIV may be prescribed prophylactic antibiotics to prevent opportunistic infections. However, this is provider-directed and not a universal measure for all clients. Teaching should emphasize broader, daily self-care practices.

C. Taking prescribed medications with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset: Taking medications with food can help manage side effects and improve adherence, but this is secondary to infection prevention. GI upset is manageable, whereas infections can quickly become life-threatening.

D. Maintaining strict personal hygiene practices: Clients with HIV are immunocompromised and highly susceptible to infections. Proper handwashing, safe food handling, and skin/mouth care are essential in reducing exposure to pathogens and preventing serious complications.

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After receiving an albuterol nebulizer, a client complains of feeling anxious and shaky. Which response by the nurse is best?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS and its impact on the immune system?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with HIV is being discharged home and will begin receiving care in the home setting. During discharge education, which aspect of self-care should the nurse emphasize as the priority to help prevent complications?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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