Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a client with chronic hypoxemia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Scattered rhonchi and crackles with an elevated WBC count

Clubbing of the fingers and polycythemia

Copious amounts of rust-colored sputum with cyanosis

Distended neck veins and dependent edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Scattered rhonchi and crackles with an elevated WBC count: These findings suggest an acute respiratory infection or pneumonia, not chronic hypoxemia. Elevated WBC count points to infection rather than a long-term adaptation to COPD.

B. Clubbing of the fingers and polycythemia: These are expected in chronic hypoxemia. Clubbing results from prolonged low oxygen levels, while polycythemia develops as the body compensates by producing more red blood cells to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.

C. Copious amounts of rust-colored sputum with cyanosis: Rust-colored sputum is typically associated with bacterial pneumonia, particularly pneumococcal infection, not chronic hypoxemia. Cyanosis may occur, but the sputum description makes this finding less appropriate.

D. Distended neck veins and dependent edema: These findings are consistent with cor pulmonale or right-sided heart failure, a complication of COPD, but they are not the expected baseline findings of chronic hypoxemia itself.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "AIDS isn't transmitted by casual contact.": HIV is transmitted through direct contact with certain body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk) and not through casual contact such as touching, hugging, or sharing objects with someone who has AIDS.

B. "You can't normally contract AIDS in a hospital setting.": While generally true due to universal precautions, this statement is vague and may not fully educate the visitor about transmission routes. It could give a false sense of security without clarifying the nature of HIV transmission.

C. "Your immune system is likely very healthy.": This does not address the visitor’s concern about HIV transmission and may be misleading. The question is about risk, not the visitor’s immune status.

D. "Do you think that you might already have HIV?": This response is inappropriate and judgmental. It does not provide education or reassurance and could create unnecessary anxiety or stigma.

Correct Answer is ["25"]

Explanation

Calculation:

Ordered infusion rate = 1,000 units/hour.

Identify the available concentration of the solution.

Available concentration = Total units / Total volume

= 20,000 units / 500 mL

= 40 units/mL.

Calculate the infusion pump setting in milliliters per hour (mL/hr).

Pump setting (mL/hr) = Ordered rate (units/hr) / Available concentration (units/mL)

= 1,000 units/hr / 40 units/mL

= 25 mL/hr.

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Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a client with chronic hypoxemia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with AIDS. A friend comes to visit the client and privately asks the nurse about the risk of contracting HIV when visiting the client. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

An order to start a heparin drip is received from a physician. The order is for 1,000 units heparin per hour. The solution strength is 20,000 units in 500 ml. D5NS. What should the electronic pump be set for?

Correct Answer is ["25"]

Explanation

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