A nurse is completing an assessment on a client who reports severe fatigue, hair loss, and trouble remembering things. The nurse notes a butterfly-shaped rash on the client's face. Which of the following conditions is the client likely experiencing?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Acute HIV

Chronic HIV

Discoid lupus erythematosus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Systemic lupus erythematosus: The butterfly-shaped rash, along with symptoms like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues, is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. The rash typically appears across the cheeks and nose and is a hallmark sign of SLE, often triggered by sunlight exposure.
B. Acute HIV: Acute HIV infection may cause symptoms like fatigue, but it typically does not present with the specific butterfly-shaped rash seen in SLE. The rash associated with HIV is generally more generalized and not localized like the characteristic lupus rash.
C. Chronic HIV: Chronic HIV can present with fatigue and other symptoms, but it does not cause the butterfly-shaped rash seen in lupus. HIV-related rashes are more often generalized or occur due to secondary infections, not the distinct butterfly pattern seen in lupus.
D. Discoid lupus erythematosus: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) can cause skin lesions, including facial rashes, but it does not present with the same systemic symptoms (like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues) as systemic lupus erythematosus. DLE affects only the skin, whereas SLE affects multiple organs.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The intracellular space contains most of the body's water: The majority of the body's water is found within the cells (intracellular space), accounting for about two-thirds of total body water. This is the primary compartment where water is stored and is critical for cellular function and maintaining homeostasis.
B. A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs: A negative fluid balance refers to a state in which the body loses more water than it takes in, resulting in dehydration or fluid volume deficit. When the body takes in more water than it needs, it results in a positive fluid balance, which could lead to fluid overload or hyperhydration.
C. When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss: While the loss of water from the body can affect all compartments, including the extracellular space, the intravascular space (blood vessels) is particularly vulnerable to volume loss, such as in dehydration. However, the primary loss in water occurs from both intracellular and extracellular compartments, not exclusively the intravascular space.
D. A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors: Fluid volume deficit may affect baroreceptors, which detect changes in blood pressure, but it does not directly inhibit them. In fact, a decrease in fluid volume typically triggers baroreceptors to respond by stimulating mechanisms that attempt to restore fluid balance, such as increasing thirst or activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to conserve water.

A. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated C. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated D. Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated: The ABG results show a low pH (7.10), which indicates acidosis, and a high PaCO2 (70 mm Hg), which suggests that the acidosis is due to respiratory failure. The bicarbonate (HCO3) is within normal limits, indicating that the body has not had time to compensate for the acidosis, making it uncompensated.
B. Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated: This option is incorrect because respiratory alkalosis would present with a high pH, not a low pH as seen in this case.
C. Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated: The ABG shows respiratory acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis, as the pH is low and PaCO2 is high, suggesting respiratory problems rather than metabolic.
D. Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated: The ABG results point to respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. There is no indication of low bicarbonate levels (HCO3), which would be expected in metabolic acidosis.

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A nurse is completing an assessment on a client who reports severe fatigue, hair loss, and trouble remembering things. The nurse notes a butterfly-shaped rash on the client's face. Which of the following conditions is the client likely experiencing?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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