A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a 7-year-old client who has atopic dermatitis, Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize for controlling manifestations of the condition? (Select All that Apply.)

Application of scented lotions

Frequent use of sunscreen

Identification of triggers

Use of topical corticosteroids

Scrubbing of the affected area

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

A. Application of scented lotions. Scented lotions often contain fragrances and chemicals that can irritate the skin, worsening atopic dermatitis. Fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers should be used instead.

B. Frequent use of sunscreen. While sun protection is important, some sunscreens contain chemicals that may trigger irritation in children with atopic dermatitis. Mineral-based sunscreens (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) are a better choice.

C. Identification of triggers. Common triggers include allergens (pollen, pet dander), irritants (soaps, detergents), weather changes, and certain foods. Identifying and avoiding triggers helps prevent flare-ups.

D. Use of topical corticosteroids. Low-to-moderate potency topical corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for controlling inflammation and reducing itching during flare-ups.

E. Scrubbing of the affected area. Scrubbing can damage the skin barrier, increase irritation, and worsen symptoms. Gentle cleansing with mild, fragrance-free cleansers is recommended instead.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You must breastfeed to give the baby the best nutrients." While breastfeeding provides essential nutrients, it is not recommended for mothers with HIV due to the risk of viral transmission through breast milk, even if the mother is on antiretroviral therapy.

B. "Breastfeeding is not recommended because of the high risk of transmission." HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, and health organizations, including the WHO and CDC, advise against breastfeeding if safe alternatives, such as formula feeding, are available. Formula feeding is the preferred method in high-resource settings.

C. "Pumped breastmilk may be given to your child." Pumping does not eliminate HIV from breast milk. The virus remains present, posing the same transmission risk as direct breastfeeding.

D. "You should sterilize your pumped breastmilk prior to feeding." There is no reliable method for sterilizing breast milk at home that effectively eliminates HIV without destroying its nutritional value. Instead, formula feeding or donor milk from screened sources is recommended.

A. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or just underneath the skin. B. The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 2 months of age. C. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to gelatin. D. The vaccine in given in a series of six doses spread throughout the first 5 years of life.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously, or just underneath the skin. The pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is given intramuscularly (IM), not subcutaneously. The preferred injection sites are the anterolateral thigh (for infants) or the deltoid muscle (for older children).

B. The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 2 months of age. This is correct. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is routinely given at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months of age to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

C. The vaccine is contraindicated in individuals who are allergic to gelatin. This is incorrect. The pneumococcal vaccine is not formulated with gelatin. Gelatin allergies are more relevant for vaccines like MMR and varicella. However, PCV13 should not be given to those with severe allergic reactions to any previous dose of the vaccine.

D. The vaccine is given in a series of six doses spread throughout the first 5 years of life. The PCV13 vaccine is given in a series of four doses, not six. While some high-risk children may require additional doses of PPSV23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine), the routine childhood schedule consists of four doses.

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A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a 7-year-old client who has atopic dermatitis, Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize for controlling manifestations of the condition? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing education about nutrition for a patient who has HIV and has a newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse provide in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent about the pneumococcal vaccine. Which of the following should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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