A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?

Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Increased production of sebum

Overactivation of T-cells

Decreased number of Langerhans cells in the dermis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Psoriasis is driven by an increase, not suppression, of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. These cytokines trigger excessive skin cell proliferation and inflammation.

B. Increased production of sebum. Sebum production is linked to conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and acne, not psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder rather than a condition caused by oil overproduction.

C. Overactivation of T-cells. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disorder where overactive T-cells attack healthy skin cells, leading to increased inflammation and rapid skin cell turnover. This results in the formation of thick, scaly plaques seen in psoriasis.

D. Decreased number of Langerhans cells in the dermis. Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells involved in immune defense. While they may play a role in immune regulation, psoriasis is primarily caused by T-cell hyperactivity rather than a reduction in Langerhans cells.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Diaper dermatitis is always associated with an infection." Diaper dermatitis is most commonly caused by prolonged exposure to moisture, urine, or feces, leading to skin irritation. While secondary infections (e.g., Candida albicans) can develop, not all cases are infectious.

B. "Diaper dermatitis requires immediate assessment by a medical provider." Most cases of diaper dermatitis can be managed at home with frequent diaper changes, barrier creams (such as zinc oxide), and keeping the area dry. Medical evaluation is only necessary if the rash worsens, does not improve, or shows signs of infection (e.g., pustules, severe redness, fever).

C. "Diaper dermatitis causes significant long-term impacts." Diaper dermatitis is temporary and does not cause long-term effects when properly treated. Severe, untreated cases may lead to discomfort and secondary infections, but lasting damage is rare.

D. "Diaper dermatitis will respond to prompt treatment." This is correct. Frequent diaper changes, exposure to air, and application of barrier creams typically resolve mild to moderate diaper dermatitis within a few days.

A. Weight gain B. Irritability C. Osteoporosis D. Hypertension E. Nausea

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

A. Weight gain. Corticosteroids cause fluid retention and increased appetite, leading to significant weight gain. In a 6-year-old, this can affect self-esteem and social interactions, potentially leading to body image concerns and difficulty fitting in with peers.

B. Irritability. Mood changes, including irritability, anxiety, and mood swings, are common side effects of corticosteroids. These emotional changes can impact relationships with family and friends, affecting the child's psychosocial well-being.

C. Osteoporosis. While long-term corticosteroid use can lead to osteoporosis, it is primarily a physical concern rather than a psychosocial one. Bone health issues typically become more evident later in life rather than in early childhood.

D. Hypertension. Elevated blood pressure is a physiological side effect of corticosteroids but does not directly impact the child’s psychosocial development. It is more of a medical concern requiring monitoring rather than a factor affecting social interactions.

E. Nausea. Although nausea can cause discomfort, it does not have a significant impact on the child's psychosocial development compared to mood changes and body image issues caused by corticosteroid therapy.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing education with a caregiver of a pediatric client about diaper dermatitis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?