A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?
Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Increased production of sebum
Overactivation of T-cells
Decreased number of Langerhans cells in the dermis
The Correct Answer is C
A. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Psoriasis is driven by an increase, not suppression, of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23. These cytokines trigger excessive skin cell proliferation and inflammation.
B. Increased production of sebum. Sebum production is linked to conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and acne, not psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder rather than a condition caused by oil overproduction.
C. Overactivation of T-cells. Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disorder where overactive T-cells attack healthy skin cells, leading to increased inflammation and rapid skin cell turnover. This results in the formation of thick, scaly plaques seen in psoriasis.
D. Decreased number of Langerhans cells in the dermis. Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells involved in immune defense. While they may play a role in immune regulation, psoriasis is primarily caused by T-cell hyperactivity rather than a reduction in Langerhans cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ask the parents to escort the child's sibling to the family lounge so they are not in the child's room. Removing the sibling from the room does not address their distress or emotional needs. Siblings of hospitalized children may experience fear, anxiety, or feelings of exclusion, and they need support, not isolation.
B. Consult the child life specialist to provide age-appropriate activities and emotional support to the sibling. Child life specialists are trained to help children understand and cope with hospitalization through play, education, and emotional support. They can help the sibling process their emotions in an age-appropriate way.
C. Provide the sibling with coloring pages and crayons to keep them occupied in the child's room. While coloring can be a helpful distraction, it does not address the sibling’s distress or provide the emotional support they may need to understand their sibling’s condition.
D. Offer the sibling a tour of the hospital unit to help them become more familiar with the environment. A tour may help the child feel more comfortable, but it does not directly address their distress or emotions regarding their sibling’s hospitalization.
Correct Answer is ["3.8"]
Explanation
Convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms:
Formula:
kg = lb / 2.2
= 22 lb / 2.2 lb/kg
= 10 kg
Calculate the total daily dose of dexamethasone:
Total daily dose (mg) = Dose (mg/kg/day) × Weight (kg)
= 1.5 mg/kg/day × 10 kg
= 15 mg/day
Calculate the dose to be administered every 6 hours:
Dose per interval (mg/dose) = Total daily dose (mg/day) / Number of doses per day
= 15 mg/day / 4 doses/day
= 3.75 mg/dose
Calculate the volume of dexamethasone oral solution to administer:
Volume (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
= 3.75 mg / 1 mg/mL
= 3.75 mL
Round to the nearest tenth:
3.75 mL rounded to the nearest tenth is 3.8 mL.
The nurse should administer 3.8 mL per dose.
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