A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group.

Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%.

Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan. This statement is incorrect. A CT scan is not the primary method for prostate cancer screening. The most common screening tools include the prostatespecific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal examination (DRE). If abnormalities are detected, further evaluation with a prostate biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be warranted.
B. Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group. This is the most accurate statement. Black American men have a significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer and are more than twice as likely to die from the disease compared to other racial or ethnic groups. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, socioeconomic disparities, reduced access to early screening, and potential differences in tumor biology. Early screening and intervention are critical in this highrisk population.
C. Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%. While some occupational exposures (e.g., pesticides, cadmium, and industrial chemicals) have been linked to a potential increased risk of prostate cancer, the exact percentage increase varies, and a direct causative link has not been definitively established. Other factors, such as genetic predisposition and lifestyle, play a more significant role.
D. Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%. While diet can influence prostate cancer risk, the claim that it increases mortality by 50% is not wellsupported by research. Diets high in red meat, saturated fats, and low in vegetables may contribute to increased risk, but the impact varies based on genetic and lifestyle factors. Antioxidantrich diets, such as those rich in fruits and vegetables, may have a protective effect.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increased heart rate. Tachycardia may indicate a serious complication such as pneumothorax or hemorrhage. A rapid heart rate can be a compensatory response to hypoxia from lung collapse or hypovolemia from internal bleeding. The nurse should assess for additional signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, or tracheal deviation, and notify the provider immediately.
B. Decreased temperature. A mild decrease in temperature is not an immediate concern after a thoracentesis. However, persistent hypothermia could indicate infection or systemic inflammatory response, but this would typically develop over time rather than immediately following the procedure.
C. Discomfort at the puncture site. Mild pain at the procedure site is expected and can usually be managed with analgesics. Severe or worsening pain, however, may indicate pleural irritation, lung injury, or infection, requiring further assessment.
D. Serosanguineous drainage from the puncture site. A small amount of serosanguineous fluid at the insertion site is expected. However, excessive bleeding, purulent drainage, or signs of infection should be reported.

A. Constant bubbling in the suctioncontrol chamber B. Fluidlevel fluctuations in the waterseal chamber C. Bloody drainage in the collection chamber D. Continuous bubbling in the waterseal chamber

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Constant bubbling in the suctioncontrol chamber. This is an expected finding when the chest tube is connected to suction. The suctioncontrol chamber should have continuous bubbling, indicating that the system is functioning properly to remove air or fluid from the pleural space.
B. Fluidlevel fluctuations in the waterseal chamber. This is a normal finding known as tidaling. The fluid level in the waterseal chamber should rise and fall with the client’s respirations, reflecting normal intrapleural pressure changes. Lack of tidaling may indicate an obstruction in the chest tube or that the lung has fully reexpanded.
C. Bloody drainage in the collection chamber. Some bloody drainage is expected within the first 24 hours postoperatively. However, excessive or rapidly increasing amounts of blood should be reported as it may indicate hemorrhage.
D. Continuous bubbling in the waterseal chamber. This is an abnormal finding and suggests an air leak in the system. The nurse should assess the tubing, connections, and insertion site to identify the source of the leak and intervene accordingly, as an ongoing air leak can prevent lung reexpansion and lead to complications such as pneumothorax.

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is monitoring a client following a thoracentesis. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as a complication and contact the provider immediately?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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