A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group.

Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%.

Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan. This statement is incorrect. A CT scan is not the primary method for prostate cancer screening. The most common screening tools include the prostatespecific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal examination (DRE). If abnormalities are detected, further evaluation with a prostate biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be warranted.
B. Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group. This is the most accurate statement. Black American men have a significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer and are more than twice as likely to die from the disease compared to other racial or ethnic groups. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, socioeconomic disparities, reduced access to early screening, and potential differences in tumor biology. Early screening and intervention are critical in this highrisk population.
C. Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%. While some occupational exposures (e.g., pesticides, cadmium, and industrial chemicals) have been linked to a potential increased risk of prostate cancer, the exact percentage increase varies, and a direct causative link has not been definitively established. Other factors, such as genetic predisposition and lifestyle, play a more significant role.
D. Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%. While diet can influence prostate cancer risk, the claim that it increases mortality by 50% is not wellsupported by research. Diets high in red meat, saturated fats, and low in vegetables may contribute to increased risk, but the impact varies based on genetic and lifestyle factors. Antioxidantrich diets, such as those rich in fruits and vegetables, may have a protective effect.

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Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"E"}

Explanation

Answer: The nurse is evaluating the client's response to the prescribed medications. The client's blood pressure and HDL level indicate an improvement in the client's condition.

Blood pressure: The client's blood pressure decreased from 180/88 mm Hg to 138/70 mm Hg, which indicates an effective response to atenolol, a betablocker used for hypertension management.

HDL level: The HDL ("good cholesterol") increased from 25 mg/dL to 60 mg/dL, reflecting a positive response to simvastatin, which helps improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Heart rate: The heart rate dropped from 96/min to 58/min, which may be due to atenolol. While bradycardia is a side effect, it is only concerning if it drops below 50/min.

Weight: The client gained 4 kg (8.8 lb), which may indicate fluid retention and requires further assessment.

Potassium level: The potassium level increased from 4.2 to 5.3 mEq/L, likely due to spironolactone, a potassiumsparing diuretic. This is above the normal range and requires monitoring for hyperkalemia.

Pedal findings: The edema worsened from 2+ to 3+, indicating fluid retention and possible worsening heart failure, requiring intervention.

Pulse oximetry: The oxygen saturation slightly decreased from 97% to 95%, but this is within normal limits and does not indicate a significant clinical improvement or deterioration.

A. Progressive increase in platelet production B. Immediate sodium and fluid retention C. Excessive thrombosis and bleeding D. Increased clotting factors

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Progressive increase in platelet production. In DIC, platelet levels decrease rather than increase due to widespread consumption of platelets in abnormal clot formation. This depletion leads to an increased risk of bleeding.
B. Immediate sodium and fluid retention. DIC primarily affects coagulation and does not directly cause significant sodium or fluid retention. Fluid shifts may occur due to capillary leakage and organ dysfunction, but these are secondary effects rather than primary findings.
C. Excessive thrombosis and bleeding. This is correct. DIC is a disorder of widespread clotting followed by excessive bleeding. Small clots form throughout the vascular system, consuming clotting factors and platelets, leading to an inability to control bleeding in later stages. Clients may experience petechiae, purpura, oozing from IV sites, and internal organ damage due to ischemia.
D. Increased clotting factors. In DIC, clotting factors are depleted due to their excessive use in forming clots. This depletion contributes to the inability to clot properly, resulting in hemorrhage as the disorder progresses.

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"E"}

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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