A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group.

Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%.

Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. The best way to determine prostate cancer risk is to have a computed tomography (CT) scan. This statement is incorrect. A CT scan is not the primary method for prostate cancer screening. The most common screening tools include the prostatespecific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal examination (DRE). If abnormalities are detected, further evaluation with a prostate biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be warranted.
B. Prostate cancer mortality is more than double for Black American males than for men in every other group. This is the most accurate statement. Black American men have a significantly higher incidence of prostate cancer and are more than twice as likely to die from the disease compared to other racial or ethnic groups. Contributing factors include genetic predisposition, socioeconomic disparities, reduced access to early screening, and potential differences in tumor biology. Early screening and intervention are critical in this highrisk population.
C. Occupational toxin exposure among factory workers increases rates of prostate cancer by 30%. While some occupational exposures (e.g., pesticides, cadmium, and industrial chemicals) have been linked to a potential increased risk of prostate cancer, the exact percentage increase varies, and a direct causative link has not been definitively established. Other factors, such as genetic predisposition and lifestyle, play a more significant role.
D. Dietary factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer mortality by as much as 50%. While diet can influence prostate cancer risk, the claim that it increases mortality by 50% is not wellsupported by research. Diets high in red meat, saturated fats, and low in vegetables may contribute to increased risk, but the impact varies based on genetic and lifestyle factors. Antioxidantrich diets, such as those rich in fruits and vegetables, may have a protective effect.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Coronary arteries decrease in diameter leading to insufficient blood, oxygen, and nutrients reaching the heart muscle." Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by atherosclerosis, where plaque buildup narrows the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow. This leads to myocardial ischemia, causing symptoms such as angina, shortness of breath, and fatigue due to inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.
B. "Manifestations occur due to dilation of coronary arteries with increased blood flow causing increased pressure." CAD does not result from arterial dilation but rather from progressive narrowing and reduced perfusion. Increased blood flow does not cause symptoms; instead, decreased perfusion leads to myocardial hypoxia and ischemic symptoms.
C. "Coronary arteries become more elastic causing the arteries to stretch as individuals age causing the heart not to receive enough oxygen." Aging can affect arterial compliance, but CAD is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which makes the arteries stiff and narrow rather than more elastic. The problem is restricted blood flow, not excessive elasticity.
D. "The heart and the coronary arteries weaken, leading to poor perfusion and resulting in angina." While CAD can lead to heart failure and reduced cardiac output, the primary mechanism is arterial narrowing due to plaque accumulation, which limits blood supply and oxygen to the myocardium, triggering angina.

A. The client should receive a diet with increased protein. B. The client has an increased risk for bleeding. C. The client has an increased risk of infection. D. The client should receive an erythropoiesis stimulating agent.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client should receive a diet with increased protein. The client’s albumin level is normal (4.5 g/dL), indicating adequate protein levels. While maintaining good nutrition is important, there is no indication of protein deficiency requiring dietary modification.
B. The client has an increased risk for bleeding. The platelet count (170,000/mm³) is within normal limits (150,000–400,000/mm³), meaning the client is not at an increased risk for bleeding. However, close monitoring is necessary, as cisplatin can cause thrombocytopenia over time.
C. The client has an increased risk of infection. The WBC count is critically low (1,400/mm³, with normal being 4,000–11,000/mm³), indicating severe neutropenia. Cisplatin is a myelosuppressive chemotherapy agent that can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to neutropenia and an increased risk of lifethreatening infections. Clients with neutropenia should follow infection prevention precautions, including hand hygiene, avoiding crowds, and monitoring for fever (which may be the only sign of infection in neutropenic patients).
D. The client should receive an erythropoiesisstimulating agent. The hemoglobin (12.1 g/dL) and hematocrit (36.5%) are within normal limits, indicating that the client does not currently require erythropoiesisstimulating agents (e.g., epoetin alfa). These agents are only recommended for chemotherapyinduced anemia (Hgb <10 g/dL).

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for prostate screening in highrisk populations. Which of the following is an important consideration?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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