A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the
following interventions in the plan?

Provide the client with a low protein diet.

Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing.

Restrict the client's ﬂuid intake to less than 2 L/day.

Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Pursed-lip breathing is a technique that helps clients with COPD to exhale more eﬀectively and prevent air trapping in the lungs. It also reduces dyspnea and improves oxygenation.

a) A low protein diet is not recommended for clients with COPD, as they need adequate protein intake to maintain muscle mass and prevent malnutrition.

c) Fluid restriction is not necessary for clients with COPD, unless they have signs of ﬂuid overload or heart failure. Adequate hydration helps to thin secretions and facilitate expectoration.

d) Early-morning hours are not the best time for exercise and activity for clients with COPD, as they may experience more shortness of breath and fatigue due to diurnal variations in lung function. A better time would be mid-morning or afternoon, after taking bronchodilators and clearing secretions.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Discarding the toothbrush and buying another is a way to prevent disease transmission, as the toothbrush can harbor bacteria and reinfect the child or spread the infection to others. The toothbrush should be discarded after 24 hours of antibiotic therapy.

a) Encouraging the child to drink lots of ﬂuids is a way to promote hydration and soothe the throat, but it does not prevent disease transmission. The child should avoid sharing cups or utensils with others and use disposable tissues or paper towels.
b) Taking the child's temperature every 4 hours is a way to monitor fever, but it does not prevent disease transmission. The thermometer should be cleaned and disinfected after each use and not shared with others.
d) Giving the child Tylenol for the pain is a way to relieve discomfort, but it does not prevent disease transmission. The medication should be administered according to the label instructions and not shared with others.

A. A client who has had radiation therapy for head and neck cancer B. A client who has had prolonged diarrhea C. A client who has had a cerebrovascular accident D. A client who has lactose intolerance E. A client who is 4 hr postoperative following a leg amputation with general anesthesia

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

These clients have impaired swallowing, gag reﬂex, or level of consciousness, which increase their risk of aspiration while eating.

The other options are not correct because:

b. A client who has had prolonged diarrhea does not have a direct risk factor for aspiration, as diarrhea aﬀects the lower gastrointestinal tract and not the upper airway or esophagus.

d. A client who has lactose intolerance does not have a risk factor for aspiration, as lactose intolerance causes abdominal cramps, bloating, gas, or diarrhea when consuming dairy products, but does not aﬀect the ability to swallow or protect the airway.

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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the plan?

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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the
following interventions in the plan?