A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the
following interventions in the plan?

Provide the client with a low protein diet.

Instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing.

Restrict the client's ﬂuid intake to less than 2 L/day.

Have the client use the early-morning hours for exercise and activity.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Pursed-lip breathing is a technique that helps clients with COPD to exhale more eﬀectively and prevent air trapping in the lungs. It also reduces dyspnea and improves oxygenation.

a) A low protein diet is not recommended for clients with COPD, as they need adequate protein intake to maintain muscle mass and prevent malnutrition.

c) Fluid restriction is not necessary for clients with COPD, unless they have signs of ﬂuid overload or heart failure. Adequate hydration helps to thin secretions and facilitate expectoration.

d) Early-morning hours are not the best time for exercise and activity for clients with COPD, as they may experience more shortness of breath and fatigue due to diurnal variations in lung function. A better time would be mid-morning or afternoon, after taking bronchodilators and clearing secretions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This response is empathetic and therapeutic, as it acknowledges the client's feelings and invites her to express her concerns. It also shows respect and interest in the client's perspective.

a) This response is false reassurance and nontherapeutic, as it dismisses the client's feelings and implies

that the surgery will solve everything.

b) This response is self-disclosure and nontherapeutic, as it shifts the focus from the client to the nurse and

does not address the client's fears.

d) This response is minimizing and nontherapeutic, as it tells the client how to feel and does not acknowledge the client's regret or anxiety.

A. The medication will prevent wheezing. B. The medication will decrease coughing episodes. C. The medication will reduce inﬂammation. D. The medication will open the airways. E. The medication will stimulate ﬂow of mucus.

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

These responses are correct and explain how albuterol helps the client's breathing. Albuterol is a short- acting beta2-agonist that causes bronchodilation and relieves bronchospasm, which are the main causes of wheezing and dyspnea in clients who have asthma or COPD. By opening the airways, albuterol improves gas exchange and oxygenation.

b) The medication will decrease coughing episodes. This response is incorrect and does not explain how albuterol helps the client's breathing. Albuterol does not have a direct eﬀect on coughing, which is a reﬂex response to irritation or obstruction of the airways. Coughing may be beneficial for clearing secretions and mucus from the lungs, but it may also cause bronchoconstriction and inﬂammation. The nurse should advise the client to use other measures to decrease coughing, such as drinking ﬂuids, using a humidifier, or taking an expectorant.
c) The medication will reduce inﬂammation. This response is incorrect and does not explain how albuterol helps the client's breathing. Albuterol does not have an anti-inﬂammatory eﬀect on the airways, which are often inﬂamed and swollen in clients who have asthma or COPD. Inﬂammation can contribute to airway obstruction and mucus production, which impair gas exchange and oxygenation. The nurse should inform the client that albuterol is used for quick relief of acute symptoms, but not for long-term control or prevention of inﬂammation. The client may need to use another medication, such as an inhaled corticosteroid, to reduce inﬂammation.
e) The medication will stimulate ﬂow of mucus. This response is incorrect and does not explain how albuterol helps the client's breathing. Albuterol does not have a direct eﬀect on mucus production or clearance, which are often increased in clients who have asthma or COPD. Mucus can cause airway obstruction and infection, which impair gas exchange and oxygenation. The nurse should advise the client to use other measures to stimulate ﬂow of mucus, such as drinking ﬂuids, using a humidifier, or taking an expectorant.

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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the plan?

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A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has COPD. The nurse should include which of the
following interventions in the plan?