A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse.

Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)

Decreased percentage of body fat.

Multiple health problems.

Increased rate of absorption.

Polypharmacy.

Decreased renal function.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Older adults are at higher risk of adverse drug reactions due to multiple health problems, polypharmacy, and decreased renal function.

These factors can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pain medications and increase the likelihood of drug interactions, overdosage, or toxicity.

Choice A is wrong because the decreased percentage of body fat does not increase the risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults.

In fact, an increased percentage of body fat can alter the distribution and elimination of some drugs.

Choice C is wrong because an increased rate of absorption does not increase the risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults.

In fact, decreased rate of absorption can occur due to reduced gastric motility and blood flow.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a.While weight changes can be concerning, they are not typically life-threatening and can occur as a common side effect of antidepressants, including citalopram. Monitoring is important, but it does not require immediate reporting.

b.This is the priority to report because confusion can indicate a serious reaction to the medication, such as serotonin syndrome, especially if it occurs in conjunction with other symptoms like agitation, hallucinations, or rapid heart rate. Confusion can also signal worsening mental status, which is critical for someone with major depression.

c.This refers to teeth grinding, which can occur with certain antidepressants. While it should be monitored and possibly addressed with interventions, it is generally not an immediate concern compared to confusion.

d.Sleep disturbances can be a side effect of citalopram and may need adjustment of treatment or recommendations for sleep hygiene, but they are not as urgent as confusion.

A. FACES. B. Word-graphic. C. Numeric. D. CRIES.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The FACES pain scale is a self-report tool that uses six facial expressions to indicate different levels of pain. It is suitable for children aged 3 to 13 years who can match their pain to a face. The nurse should use this scale to assess the pain of a 4-year-old child following an orthopaedic procedure.

Choice B. Word-graphic is wrong because it is a pain scale that uses words and pictures to describe pain intensity.

It is suitable for children aged 8 to 17 years who can read and understand words.

Choice C. Numeric is wrong because it is a pain scale that uses numbers from 0 to 10 to rate pain intensity. It is suitable for children aged 5 years and older who can understand numbers and concepts of more or less.

Choice D. CRIES is wrong because it is a pain scale that uses five behavioural indicators (crying, requiring increased oxygen, increased vital signs, expression, and sleeplessness) to measure pain in neonates.

It is suitable for infants aged 0 to 6 months who cannot communicate verbally.

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A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has major depression and a new prescription for citalopram. Which of the following adverse effects is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child following an orthopaedic procedure. When assessing the child for pain, which of the following pain scales should the nurse use?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse.

Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)