A nurse is discussing gout with a client who is concerned about developing the disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this disease? (Select all that apply)

Obesity

The client drinks several glasses of beer every night.

Use of a thiazide diuretic.

Depression.

Hypertension.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Choice A reason:
Obesity is a significant risk factor for gout. It can lead to increased production and decreased excretion of uric acid, which in turn can cause gout attacks. The normal body mass index (BMI) range is 18.5 to 24.9, and a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese.

Choice B reason:
Regular consumption of beer can increase the risk of gout. Beer is high in purines, which the body breaks down into uric acid, and alcohol can reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. Moderation in alcohol consumption is advised, with the recommendation being up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.

Choice C reason:
Thiazide diuretics are associated with an increased risk of gout. They can decrease the kidney's ability to remove uric acid from the body, leading to its accumulation. When prescribing thiazide diuretics, healthcare providers often monitor uric acid levels and consider alternative medications if the patient has a history of gout.

Choice D reason:
Depression is not directly identified as a risk factor for developing gout. However, some lifestyle factors associated with depression, such as poor diet and inactivity, could indirectly increase the risk.

Choice E reason:
Hypertension is a known risk factor for gout. High blood pressure can impair kidney function, which is responsible for excreting uric acid, thus leading to hyperuricemia and gout. The normal range for blood pressure is considered to be below 120/80 mmHg.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
The process of being approved for bariatric surgery is not relatively simple. It involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes medical tests, psychological assessment, and dietary counseling. The process can take several months to ensure that the patient is a suitable candidate for surgery.

Choice B Reason:
Behavioral therapy has been shown to be effective for clients seeking to lose weight. It involves strategies such as self-monitoring, developing problem-solving skills, and establishing a support network, which can lead to significant and sustainable weight loss.

Choice C Reason:
Obesity is known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Excess body weight is associated with a higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.

Choice D Reason:
Diet and exercise are indeed critical components of a successful weight loss program. A combination of a calorie-restricted diet and regular physical activity is the most effective way to achieve and maintain weight loss.

Choice E Reason:
While weight loss drugs can be an adjunct to diet and exercise for weight loss, they are not universally safe and effective. They can have side effects and are not suitable for everyone. Their use should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and they are typically prescribed when lifestyle modifications have not been sufficient.

A. Decrease my intake of vitamin K-rich foods." B. Reduce my intake of sodium. C. Avoid drinking carbonated soda. D. Limit caffeinated beverages.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice a reason:
Decreasing intake of vitamin K-rich foods is not recommended for the prevention of osteoporosis. Vitamin K is essential for bone health because it helps in the synthesis of proteins required for bone formation and mineralization. A deficiency in vitamin K can lead to weakened bone structure and increased risk of fractures. Foods rich in vitamin K include green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, and broccoli, which should be a part of a balanced diet aimed at preventing osteoporosis.

Choice b reason:
Reducing sodium intake can be beneficial for bone health. Excessive sodium consumption can cause calcium loss through urine, which may contribute to bone demineralization and increase the risk of osteoporosis. The American Heart Association recommends no more than 2,300 milligrams a day and moving toward an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 mg per day for most adults.

Choice c reason:
Avoiding carbonated soda, especially those containing phosphoric acid, is advisable for osteoporosis prevention. Some studies suggest that phosphoric acid in soda can leach calcium from bones and decrease calcium absorption, potentially weakening bones and increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

Choice d reason:
Limiting caffeinated beverages is a prudent step in preventing osteoporosis. Caffeine can interfere with calcium absorption and lead to its increased excretion in urine. It is generally recommended to limit caffeine intake to about 400 mg per day, equivalent to around four 8-ounce cups of brewed coffee.

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A nurse is discussing gout with a client who is concerned about developing the disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this disease? (Select all that apply)

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