A client with Parkinson's disease is started on Levodopa with Carbidopa (Sinemet). What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?

"Carbidopa crosses the blood-brain barrier where it is then converted to dopamine."

"It may take weeks to begin seeing the effects of this medication."

“You will remain on the same dosage of this medication for the rest of your life."

"Levodopa protects carbidopa, preventing carbidopa from being broken down before it reaches the brain."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Carbidopa itself does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Its primary role in Sinemet is to inhibit the peripheral breakdown of levodopa (the precursor of dopamine) into dopamine before it reaches the brain.
B.   It is true that it may take a few weeks to see the full effects of this medication, as the body needs time to adjust to it.
C.   Parkinson's disease is progressive, and as the disease advances, the dosage and frequency of levodopa with carbidopa may need to be adjusted to maintain symptom control. Over time, higher doses or additional medications may be required to manage symptoms effectively.
D.   Levodopa does not protect Carbidopa; rather, Carbidopa protects Levodopa from early conversion to dopamine outside the brain, which would make it less effective.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used primarily for maintenance therapy in COPD and asthma. It helps reduce airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations but is not used for immediate relief of acute symptoms such as bronchospasm or sudden shortness of breath.
B. Fluticasone, like other corticosteroids delivered by inhalation, can increase the risk of oral thrush (candidiasis) due to its local immunosuppressive effects in the mouth. It's important for clients to monitor their oral cavity regularly for signs such as white patches or soreness. Including this instruction is crucial to detect thrush early so that appropriate treatment can be initiated if necessary.
C. Monitoring heart rate is not specifically necessary before each dose of fluticasone. Fluticasone is not known to cause significant cardiovascular effects such as changes in heart rate. Heart rate monitoring may be more relevant for medications that can affect cardiovascular function or in clients with pre- existing cardiac conditions.

D. Fluticasone should be used regularly as prescribed for maintenance therapy to control airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations in COPD. Skipping doses, even if symptoms are not present, can lead to inadequate control of the disease and potential worsening of symptoms over time.

A. It suppresses the virus which is responsible for causing the inflammation of the nerve. B. It prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine to increase the amount available at the neuromuscular junction. C. It reduces inflammation in the CNS to prevent further demyelination of nerves in the central nervous system. D. It slows the progression of the disease by decreasing the release of glutamate in the brain.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. ALS is not caused by a virus or inflammation of the nerves. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
B. While acetylcholine breakdown is involved in other neurological conditions (such as myasthenia gravis), ALS primarily affects motor neurons and does not directly involve acetylcholine metabolism at the neuromuscular junction.
C. ALS does not typically involve significant inflammation or demyelination (which is more characteristic of conditions like multiple sclerosis). Therefore, reducing CNS inflammation is not a therapeutic target in ALS.
D. Riluzole, the medication prescribed for ALS, works by decreasing the release of glutamate, which is a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells in high amounts. In ALS, excessive glutamate release is believed to contribute to motor neuron degeneration. By reducing glutamate release, riluzole may help protect motor neurons and slow the progression of the disease.

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A client with Parkinson's disease is started on Levodopa with Carbidopa (Sinemet). What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing education to a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and will begin using fluticasone by metered dose inhaler every 12 hours for maintenance. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and a new prescription for riluzole. The nurse understands that this medication works in which of the following ways?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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