A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

(Select all that apply.).

Avoid crossing your legs when sitting.

Wear compression stockings.

Drink caffeinated beverages.

Change positions slowly.

Increase your salt intake.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

The correct answer is A, B, and D. These are some of the strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure caused by a change in posture, such as when a person stands up quickly.

Some explanations for the other choices are:.

• Choice C is wrong because drinking caffeinated beverages can cause dehydration, which can worsen orthostatic hypotension by reducing the fluid volume in the blood vessels.

• Choice E is wrong because increasing salt intake can raise blood pressure, but it can also cause fluid retention, which can strain the heart and kidneys. People with hypertension, heart failure, or kidney disease should limit their salt intake.

Some normal ranges for blood pressure are:.

• Systolic blood pressure (the top number) should be less than 120 mmHg for most adults.

• Diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) should be less than 80 mmHg for most adults.

• Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed when there is a drop of 20 mmHg or more in systolic blood pressure or 10 mmHg or more in diastolic blood pressure within 2 to 5 minutes of standing.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B and D.

Here is why:.

• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.

• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.

• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.

Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.

Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.

Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.

Delirium can often be prevented.

A. Adverse drug reactions. B. Medication adherence C. Drug-drug interactions. D. Therapeutic effects.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.

Adverse drug reactions.

Polypharmacy, which refers to the effects of taking multiple medications concurrently to manage coexisting health problems, is common among older adults.

It is defined as the regular use of at least five medications.

Polypharmacy can lead to an increase in geriatric syndromes, decrease in functional outcomes, and increased mortality.

One of the major risks of polypharmacy is adverse drug reactions, which are harmful or unintended effects of a medication that occur at normal doses.

Adverse drug reactions can result from drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, drug-age interactions, or inappropriate prescribing.

Adverse drug reactions can cause symptoms such as confusion, dizziness, falls, bleeding, or organ damage.

They can also lead to hospitalizations, increased health care costs, and reduced quality of life.

Choice B is wrong because medication adherence, which is the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their health care providers, can actually decrease with polypharmacy.

This is because taking multiple medications can be complex, costly, and burdensome for older adults, especially if they have cognitive impairment or low health literacy.

Medication adherence can also be influenced by patients’ beliefs, preferences, and expectations about their medications.

Choice C is wrong because drug-drug interactions are not a risk of polypharmacy per se, but rather a cause of adverse drug reactions.

Drug-drug interactions occur when two or more drugs affect each other’s pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) or pharmacodynamics (mechanism of action, efficacy, toxicity).

Drug-drug interactions can alter the therapeutic effects or safety of a medication.

Choice D is wrong because therapeutic effects are the intended or desired effects of a medication that benefit the patient’s health condition.

Therapeutic effects can decrease with polypharmacy due to drug-drug interactions that reduce the efficacy of a medication.

Therapeutic effects can also be diminished by prescribing cascade, which is a phenomenon where a new medication is prescribed to treat a symptom that is actually an adverse drug reaction of another medication.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are.

≤120/80.

mmHg for normal,.

120−129/80.

mmHg for elevated,.

130−139/80−89.

mmHg for stage 1 hypertension, and.

≥140/90.

mmHg for stage 2 hypertension.

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A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has recovered from delirium and their family caregiver. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make to prevent recurrence of delirium? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is educating an older adult client who has depression about the benefits of physical activity and exercise. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

(Select all that apply.).