A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has erectile dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus.
The client asks the nurse what he can do to improve his sexual function.
Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
“You can try using a vacuum device or a penile implant to achieve an erection.”.
“You can take oral medications such as sildenafil or tadalafil before sexual activity.”.
“You can inject medications such as alprostadil or papaverine into your penis before sexual activity.”.
“You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.”.
The Correct Answer is D
You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get and maintain an erection for sexual activity.
It can be caused by physical or psychological factors, or both.
ED can affect your self-esteem, stress level and relationship quality.
There are different treatment options for ED, and they work in different ways.
Some of the most common ones are:.
• Oral medications such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) or avanafil (Stendra).
These drugs enhance the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes the muscles in the penis and increases blood flow.
You need to take them before sexual activity, and they only work if you are sexually stimulated.
They are not safe for everyone, especially if you have heart problems, low blood pressure, liver disease or certain eye conditions. They can also cause side effects such as headache, flushing, nasal congestion or indigestion.
• Penile self-injections such as alprostadil (Caverject, Edex) or papaverine (OraVerse).
These are shots of medicine that you inject into the base or side of your penis with a fine needle.
They cause an erection by dilating the blood vessels in the penis.
The erection lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, and you need to use them only when needed. They can cause side effects such as bleeding, pain, priapism (a prolonged and painful erection) or fibrous tissue formation.
• Alprostadil urethral suppository (Muse).
This is a tiny pellet of medicine that you insert into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) with a special device.
It works by expanding the blood vessels in the penis and causing an erection.
The erection lasts about 30 to 60 minutes, and you need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as burning, pain, bleeding or infection.
• Vacuum erection device (VED).
This is a plastic tube that you place over your penis and pump out the air to create a vacuum.
This draws blood into the penis and causes an erection.
You then slide a rubber ring around the base of your penis to keep the blood in place.
The erection lasts as long as the ring is on, up to 30 minutes.
You need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as bruising, numbness, pain or difficulty ejaculating.
• Penile implant surgery.
This is a procedure where inflatable or bendable devices are surgically placed on both sides of your penis.
You can control when and how long you have an erection by inflating or deflating the devices with a pump or a switch. This is a permanent solution for ED, but it requires surgery and has risks of infection, mechanical failure or erosion.
Other treatment options for ED include hormone therapy, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes and natural remedies.
However, these may not be as effective or safe as the ones mentioned above.
The best treatment option for you depends on your personal preference, medical condition, cost and availability.
You should talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of each option and choose the one that suits you best.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
All of the above.
The nurse should ask all of these questions to assess the possible causes of the client’s condition.
Depression and social isolation in older adults can be triggered by various factors, such as:.
• Losses or changes in life, such as death of a spouse, retirement, relocation, or chronic illness.
• Lack of social support or contact with family, friends, or neighbors, which can lead to loneliness and reduced self-esteem.
• Decreased engagement or interest in activities or hobbies that provide meaning, pleasure, or stimulation, which can affect mood and cognitive function.
By asking these questions, the nurse can identify the specific factors that contribute to the client’s depression and social isolation, and provide appropriate interventions to address them.
For example, the nurse can:.
• Provide emotional support and empathy to the client and help them cope with their losses or changes.
• Encourage the client to maintain or increase their social interactions and connections with others who share similar interests or experiences.
• Assist the client to resume or find new activities or hobbies that suit their abilities and preferences, and provide positive feedback and reinforcement.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Living arrangements and social support.
This is because living arrangements and social support are some of the environmental factors that can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults.Psychosocial changes refer to the changes in mental and emotional well-being, social relationships, and roles that occur as people age.Environmental factors are the external conditions or circumstances that affect a person’s life.
Choice A is wrong because physical health and functional status are not environmental factors, but rather biological factors that affect the aging process.Physical health and functional status can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Choice B is wrong because cognitive conditions and memory loss are also not environmental factors, but rather neurological factors that affect the brain function of older adults.Cognitive conditions and memory loss can also influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Choice D is wrong because hormonal changes and sensory impairments are also not environmental factors, but rather physiological factors that affect the body function of older adults.Hormonal changes and sensory impairments can also influence the psychosocial changes in older adults, but they are not part of the environment.
Living arrangements and social support are environmental factors because they depend on the availability, accessibility, and quality of housing, transportation, community services, family networks, and social interactions that older adults have in their surroundings.Living arrangements and social support can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults by affecting their sense of independence, identity, belonging, security, and satisfaction.
Therefore, living arrangements and social support are some of the environmental factors that can influence the psychosocial changes in older adults.
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