A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has erectile dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus.
The client asks the nurse what he can do to improve his sexual function.
Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
“You can try using a vacuum device or a penile implant to achieve an erection.”.
“You can take oral medications such as sildenafil or tadalafil before sexual activity.”.
“You can inject medications such as alprostadil or papaverine into your penis before sexual activity.”.
“You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.”.
The Correct Answer is D
You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get and maintain an erection for sexual activity.
It can be caused by physical or psychological factors, or both.
ED can affect your self-esteem, stress level and relationship quality.
There are different treatment options for ED, and they work in different ways.
Some of the most common ones are:.
• Oral medications such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) or avanafil (Stendra).
These drugs enhance the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes the muscles in the penis and increases blood flow.
You need to take them before sexual activity, and they only work if you are sexually stimulated.
They are not safe for everyone, especially if you have heart problems, low blood pressure, liver disease or certain eye conditions. They can also cause side effects such as headache, flushing, nasal congestion or indigestion.
• Penile self-injections such as alprostadil (Caverject, Edex) or papaverine (OraVerse).
These are shots of medicine that you inject into the base or side of your penis with a fine needle.
They cause an erection by dilating the blood vessels in the penis.
The erection lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, and you need to use them only when needed. They can cause side effects such as bleeding, pain, priapism (a prolonged and painful erection) or fibrous tissue formation.
• Alprostadil urethral suppository (Muse).
This is a tiny pellet of medicine that you insert into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) with a special device.
It works by expanding the blood vessels in the penis and causing an erection.
The erection lasts about 30 to 60 minutes, and you need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as burning, pain, bleeding or infection.
• Vacuum erection device (VED).
This is a plastic tube that you place over your penis and pump out the air to create a vacuum.
This draws blood into the penis and causes an erection.
You then slide a rubber ring around the base of your penis to keep the blood in place.
The erection lasts as long as the ring is on, up to 30 minutes.
You need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as bruising, numbness, pain or difficulty ejaculating.
• Penile implant surgery.
This is a procedure where inflatable or bendable devices are surgically placed on both sides of your penis.
You can control when and how long you have an erection by inflating or deflating the devices with a pump or a switch. This is a permanent solution for ED, but it requires surgery and has risks of infection, mechanical failure or erosion.
Other treatment options for ED include hormone therapy, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes and natural remedies.
However, these may not be as effective or safe as the ones mentioned above.
The best treatment option for you depends on your personal preference, medical condition, cost and availability.
You should talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of each option and choose the one that suits you best.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The client needs assistance with two ADLs.This is because the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is a tool that measures the client’s ability to perform six basic ADLs independently: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding.The score ranges from 0 to 6, with 6 indicating complete independence, 4 indicating moderate impairment, and 2 or less indicating severe dependence.The score is based on the number of ADLs that the client can perform without supervision, direction, personal assistance, or total care.
Therefore, a score of 4 out of 6 means that the client needs assistance with two ADLs.
Choice A is wrong because it implies that the client is independent in all ADLs, which would require a score of 6 out of 6.
Choice C is wrong because it implies that the client is dependent on others for all ADLs, which would require a score of 0 out of 6.
Choice D is wrong because it implies that the client has difficulty with four ADLs, which would require a score of 2 out of 6.
The normal range for the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) depends on the setting and population of the client.For example, one study found that the average score for residents in skilled nursing facilities was 3.1 out of 6.Another study found that the hierarchy of difficulty of the six ADLs from least to greatest was: eating, maintaining continence, transferring, toileting, dressing, and bathing.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
“Social interaction can help me avoid stress and anxiety.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because social interaction does not necessarily help older adults avoid stress and anxiety.
In fact, some social situations may cause or increase stress and anxiety for some people, especially if they are negative, unpleasant, or conflictual.
Therefore, the nurse should explain to the client that social interaction can help them cope with stress and anxiety, but not avoid them altogether.
Choice A is correct because social interaction can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels by reducing the effects of stress hormones and promoting physical activity.
Choice B is correct because social interaction can help boost the immune system by enhancing positive emotions, increasing antibody production, and reducing inflammation.
Choice C is correct because social interaction can help improve memory and learning ability by stimulating brain regions involved in cognition, communication, and social perception.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are less than 120/80 mmHg for adults, and normal ranges for cholesterol are less than 200 mg/dL for total cholesterol, less than 100 mg/dL for LDL cholesterol, and more than 40 mg/dL for HDL cholesterol.
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