A nurse is educating a client with mild pre-eclampsia about the signs and symptoms that she should report to her health care provider.
Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Sudden weight gain
Swelling of the face and hands
Epigastric pain
Decreased fetal movement
Vaginal bleeding
Correct Answer : C,D
The correct answer is choice C and D. Epigastric pain and decreased fetal movement are signs of severe pre-eclampsia that indicate damage to the liver and placenta respectively. These symptoms should be reported to the health care provider immediately as they may lead to serious complications such as eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placental abruption or fetal growth restriction.
Choice A is wrong because sudden weight gain is a common symptom of mild pre-eclampsia that does not necessarily require immediate attention. However, it should be monitored regularly along with blood pressure and urine protein levels.
Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and hands is also a common symptom of mild pre-eclampsia that does not indicate severe organ damage. It may be caused by fluid retention or edema.
Choice E is wrong because vaginal bleeding is not a typical symptom of pre-eclampsia. It may be a sign of other pregnancy complications such as placenta previa, placental abruption or cervical infection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The most likely explanation for the client's findings of severe headache, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, and clonus in the context of severe pre-eclampsia is A. Cerebral edema.
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension) and signs of organ damage, most commonly affecting the liver and kidneys. Severe pre-eclampsia can lead to complications such as eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures. The symptoms described by the client, including severe headache and blurred vision, are consistent with neurological manifestations associated with severe pre-eclampsia.
Hyperreflexia refers to an exaggerated reflex response, and clonus refers to rhythmic contractions of a muscle when it is passively stretched. Both hyperreflexia and clonus are indicative of central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability. Cerebral edema, which is the swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation, can lead to increased intracranial pressure and neurological symptoms such as headache, vision changes, hyperreflexia, and clonus.
While other complications such as pulmonary edema (B), hemolysis (C), and thrombocytopenia (D) can occur in severe pre-eclampsia, they are not directly associated with the reported symptoms of severe headache, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, and clonus.
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension) and signs of organ damage, most commonly affecting the liver and kidneys. Severe pre-eclampsia can lead to complications such as eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures. The symptoms described by the client, including severe headache and blurred vision, are consistent with neurological manifestations associated with severe pre-eclampsia.
Hyperreflexia refers to an exaggerated reflex response, and clonus refers to rhythmic contractions of a muscle when it is passively stretched. Both hyperreflexia and clonus are indicative of central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability. Cerebral edema, which is the swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation, can lead to increased intracranial pressure and neurological symptoms such as headache, vision changes, hyperreflexia, and clonus.
While other complications such as pulmonary edema (B), hemolysis (C), and thrombocytopenia (D) can occur in severe pre-eclampsia, they are not directly associated with the reported symptoms of severe headache, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, and clonus.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B, C and D. These results indicate hepatic involvement because they are elevated above the normal ranges.According to, the normal ranges for AST, ALT and LDH are:
• AST: 8 to 48 U/L
• ALT: 7 to 55 U/L
• LDH: 122 to 222 U/L
Choice A is wrong because serum creatinine is not a marker of liver function, but of kidney function.The normal range for serum creatinine is 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL for adults.
Choice E is wrong because platelet count is not a marker of liver function, but of blood clotting ability.The normal range for platelet count is 150 to 450 x 10^9/L.
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