A nurse is educating a group of pregnant women about neural tube defects.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse mention as an example of a neural tube defect?
Spina bifida.
Cerebral palsy.
Muscular dystrophy.
Hydrocephalus.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Spina bifida is indeed an example of a neural tube defect. It occurs when the neural tube doesn’t close completely somewhere along the spine during fetal development. This is the correct answer.
Choice B rationale
Cerebral palsy is not a neural tube defect. It is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture.
Choice C rationale
Muscular dystrophy is not a neural tube defect. It is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Choice D rationale
Hydrocephalus is not a neural tube defect. It is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While respiratory distress can be a serious condition in infants, it is not the leading cause of death among this age group. Other conditions, such as sudden infant death syndrome and complications from premature birth, are more common causes of death in infants.
Choice B rationale
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is indeed a leading cause of death among infants. It is a significant health concern and a major cause of post-neonatal death. SIDS is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old.
Choice C rationale
Congenital anomalies can cause death in infants, but they are not the leading cause. Conditions such as SIDS and complications from premature birth are more common causes of infant death.
Choice D rationale
Low birth weight can contribute to health problems in infants and increase the risk of infant mortality. However, it is not the leading cause of death among infants. Conditions such as SIDS and complications from premature birth are more common causes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Sleeping on the left side does not directly help manage GERD. While it might help with digestion due to the positioning of the stomach, it is not a primary recommendation for GERD management.
Choice B rationale
Drinking milk is not a recommended way to soothe the stomach for a GERD patient. While milk might provide temporary relief from acid reflux, it could potentially stimulate the stomach to produce more acid, which can exacerbate GERD symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Waiting to go to bed for 1 hour after eating can help manage GERD. However, it is generally recommended to wait 2-3 hours after eating before lying down. This allows time for the stomach to empty and reduces the chance of stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.
Choice D rationale
Eating four to six small meals each day is a recommended way to manage GERD. Smaller meals are easier on the stomach, as they require less acid for digestion. This can help reduce the symptoms of GERD12.
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