A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the patient?
“It is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure.”.
“Have an eye exam every 2 years.”.
“Clouding of the lens is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”.
“Seeing spots is a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy.”. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
An increase in intraocular pressure is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale
While regular eye exams are important for patients with diabetes mellitus, having an eye exam every 2 years may not be sufficient for detecting and managing diabetic retinopathy. More frequent eye exams may be recommended depending on the patient’s condition.
Choice C rationale
Clouding of the lens is not a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. This is a symptom of cataracts, not diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy affects the blood vessels in the retina, not the lens of the eye.
Choice D rationale
Seeing spots, also known as floaters, is a common symptom of diabetic retinopathy. This occurs when blood and other fluids leak into the vitreous, the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the inside of the eye.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Potassium levels are not directly affected by lactulose. Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of cirrhosis, by reducing levels of ammonia in the blood.
Choice B rationale
Glucose levels are not directly affected by lactulose. Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of cirrhosis, by reducing levels of ammonia in the blood.
Choice C rationale
Bicarbonate levels are not directly affected by lactulose. Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of cirrhosis, by reducing levels of ammonia in the blood.
Choice D rationale
In clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of ammonia in the bloodstream. Lactulose works by changing the acidity of the gut, which helps trap ammonia in the colon and prevent it from being absorbed into the bloodstream.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Nonfat milk is generally not a trigger for GERD101112131415. It is low in fat and thus less likely to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which can lead to acid reflux1415.
Choice B rationale
Chocolate is known to trigger GERD symptoms1415. It contains caffeine and fat, which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and cause acid reflux1415.
Choice C rationale
Oatmeal is generally not a trigger for GERD101112131415. It is a whole grain that is high in fiber, which can help control GERD symptoms1415.
Choice D rationale
Apples are generally not a trigger for GERD101112131415. They are non-citrus fruits and thus less likely to cause acid reflux1415.
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