A nurse is educating a student about cerebral edema.
The student nurse inquires, “What type of cerebral edema is associated with a patient who has had a stroke?” Which of the following is the best response from the nurse?

Choice A rationale
Providing nonpharmacological pain interventions to each client equally is an example of justice, not autonomy. Justice in healthcare refers to treating all patients fairly and equitably.
Choice B rationale
Fulfilling a promise to a client that they will return with their pain medication is an example of fidelity, not autonomy. Fidelity refers to being faithful to commitments and promises.
Choice C rationale
Administering a scheduled pain medication for a client who is having pain is an example of beneficence, not autonomy. Beneficence refers to taking actions that are of benefit to the patient.
Choice D rationale
Giving a client the choice of when to take a pain medication is an example of autonomy. Autonomy in healthcare refers to the patient’s right to make decisions about their own care.

Choice A rationale
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain. It does not cause a sensation of tightness around the torso.
Choice B rationale

Lhermitte’s sign is a symptom of multiple sclerosis and other neurological conditions where a person feels an electric shock-like sensation running down the spine and into the limbs. It does not cause a sensation of tightness around the torso.
Choice C rationale
The sensation of tightness around the torso in a patient with multiple sclerosis is often referred to as the “MS hug”. It is caused by a lesion or an area of active inflammation within the spinal cord.
Choice D rationale
Paroxysmal spasms are a type of muscle spasm experienced by some people with multiple sclerosis. These spasms are usually painful and involve the muscles of the legs, but they do not cause a sensation of tightness around the torso.