A nurse is educating the mother of a newborn who was born small for gestational age. Which of the following should the nurse include as a potential cause of this condition?
Perinatal asphyxia.
Preterm delivery.
Fetal hyperinsulinemia.
Placental insufficiency.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen flow to the fetus around the time of birth. This can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and neurological issues, but it is not a common cause of a newborn being small for gestational age.
Choice B rationale
Preterm delivery can result in a newborn being small for their gestational age simply because they have not had the full amount of time to grow in the womb. However, preterm babies are typically compared to other preterm babies when assessing size, not to full-term babies.
Choice C rationale
Fetal hyperinsulinemia, or an excess of insulin in the fetus, can lead to excessive growth and a larger-than-average baby size (macrosomia), not a smaller size.
Choice D rationale
Placental insufficiency, where the placenta does not work as well as it should, can limit the amount of oxygen and nutrients the fetus receives. This can restrict the baby’s growth, leading to a small size for gestational age.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Methylergonovine is a medication used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. It works by causing the uterus to contract, which helps to control bleeding and expel any remaining placental fragments.
Choice B rationale
While infection control is important in the postpartum period, methylergonovine is not specifically used to prevent postpartum infection.
Choice C rationale
Methylergonovine does not prevent hypertension. In fact, it can cause hypertension as a side effect.
Choice D rationale
Methylergonovine is not used to prevent thromboembolic events. Its primary use is to prevent and control postpartum hemorrhage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
If the umbilical cord is protruding from the vagina, it’s a medical emergency known as cord prolapse. The nurse should insert a gloved hand into the vagina to relieve pressure on the cord. This is done to prevent cord compression, which could cut off the baby’s oxygen supply.
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