A nurse is educating the parents of a 3-year-old child who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following patterns of behavior should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Fixation on certain items or topics.
Frequent changes in routine.
Display of self-harming behaviors such as head-banging.
Spontaneous and unpredictable behaviors.
Adhering to a rigid routine.
Avoidance of repetitive activities.
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Fixation on certain items or topics is a common behavior in children with ASD, reflecting restricted interests and intense focus.
B. Children with ASD generally resist frequent changes in routine; sudden changes can cause anxiety or distress.
C. Self-harming behaviors, such as head-banging or biting, may occur in some children with ASD, often as a response to frustration, stress, or difficulty communicating needs.
D. Behaviors in ASD are often repetitive and predictable, not spontaneous or highly unpredictable.
E. Adhering to a rigid routine is characteristic of ASD, as it provides security and predictability in their environment.
F. Children with ASD often engage in repetitive activities, so avoidance of repetition is not typical; repetitive behaviors are a core feature of the disorder.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Asking about coping strategies may come across as advising or evaluating, rather than providing immediate therapeutic support.
B. Suggesting avoidance of stressors can be non-therapeutic, as it may imply judgment or oversimplify the client’s experience.
C. This response places blame on the client for not communicating, which is not therapeutic.
D. Expressing a desire to help while inviting the client to elaborate on their feelings demonstrates empathy, active listening, and validation. This approach encourages open communication and helps the client feel heard and supported, which are key components of a therapeutic response.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cyclothymic disorder involves chronic, mild mood swings alternating between hypomania and mild depression over at least two years, unrelated to the menstrual cycle.
B. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by severe mood changes, irritability, or depressive symptoms that occur during the luteal phase, typically one week before menstruation, and improve shortly after menstruation begins. This timing aligns with the client’s presentation.
C. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania or hypomania alternating with depression, not specifically tied to the menstrual cycle.
D. Postpartum depression occurs after childbirth, not in relation to the premenstrual phase.
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