A nurse is educating the parents of a 3-year-old child who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following patterns of behavior should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Fixation on certain items or topics.
Frequent changes in routine.
Display of self-harming behaviors such as head-banging.
Spontaneous and unpredictable behaviors.
Adhering to a rigid routine.
Avoidance of repetitive activities.
Correct Answer : A,C,E
A. Fixation on certain items or topics is a common behavior in children with ASD, reflecting restricted interests and intense focus.
B. Children with ASD generally resist frequent changes in routine; sudden changes can cause anxiety or distress.
C. Self-harming behaviors, such as head-banging or biting, may occur in some children with ASD, often as a response to frustration, stress, or difficulty communicating needs.
D. Behaviors in ASD are often repetitive and predictable, not spontaneous or highly unpredictable.
E. Adhering to a rigid routine is characteristic of ASD, as it provides security and predictability in their environment.
F. Children with ASD often engage in repetitive activities, so avoidance of repetition is not typical; repetitive behaviors are a core feature of the disorder.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. St. John’s Wort is an herbal supplement commonly used to treat mild to moderate depression by affecting neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. It is important to monitor for drug interactions, especially with antidepressants, oral contraceptives, and anticoagulants.
B. Ginseng is primarily used to improve energy and physical endurance, not as a treatment for depression.
C. Black cohosh is commonly used for menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, not for depression.
D. Ginkgo is often used to enhance memory and cognitive function but is not indicated for depression.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Splitting is a defense mechanism in which the client perceives people or situations as all good or all bad, with no middle ground. This can create conflict and division among healthcare team members, as the client may idealize one staff member while devaluing another, potentially disrupting team cohesion and continuity of care.
B. Regression involves reverting to earlier developmental behaviors (e.g., childish or dependent actions) under stress, but it does not typically cause division among staff.
C. Denial is the refusal to acknowledge reality or facts of a situation. While it can affect treatment adherence, it does not usually create interpersonal conflict among caregivers.
D. Reaction formation is the expression of behavior that is opposite to true feelings (e.g., acting overly friendly toward someone the client dislikes). While it may be confusing, it generally does not have the same divisive effect on the healthcare team as splitting.
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