A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Urinary frequency

Urinary tract Infection

Urinary incontinence

Urinary retention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than usual. It does not typically cause changes in the color, clarity, or odor of urine. It may be associated with conditions like urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other urinary issues but does not directly cause dark amber, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine.
B.   A UTI is a common cause of changes in urine characteristics. Dark amber color can indicate concentrated urine due to dehydration or the presence of blood. Cloudiness suggests the presence of pus or bacteria, while an unpleasant odor can be due to bacterial growth. UTIs often cause these symptoms due to inflammation and infection of the urinary tract.
C.   Urinary incontinence refers to involuntary loss of urine. It does not typically cause changes in the appearance or odor of urine unless it leads to urine pooling and subsequent bacterial growth, which could potentially cause odor. However, incontinence itself is not a direct cause of dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor.
D.   Urinary retention occurs when the bladder does not empty completely or at all. It can lead to concentrated urine (dark amber color) due to prolonged storage in the bladder. Cloudiness and an unpleasant odor can occur if there is bacterial growth in stagnant urine. Therefore, urinary retention can contribute to the observed urine characteristics.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The BCG vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, its effectiveness varies widely and is primarily used in countries with a high prevalence of TB. Therefore, administering the BCG vaccine is not typically part of the evaluation process for TB exposure in a client.
B. A chest x-ray is commonly used to evaluate for active pulmonary TB disease. It can identify characteristic findings such as infiltrates, cavitations, or nodular lesions in the lungs that suggest TB infection. A chest x- ray is often performed as part of the initial evaluation for TB after exposure or to assess for active disease.
C. Sputum culture for AFB is a definitive diagnostic test for tuberculosis. It involves collecting sputum samples and culturing them in a laboratory to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB.
D. The tuberculin skin test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test, involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin of the forearm. After 48-72 hours, a healthcare provider assesses the size of the induration (swelling) at the injection site. A positive TST indicates exposure to TB but does not differentiate between latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease.

A. Allow the client to expel some fluid before continuing. B. Lower the height of the solution container. C. Encourage the client to bear down. D. Stop the enema and document that the client did not tolerate the procedure.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Expulsion of water does not address the underlying issue.
B. Lowering the height of the solution container can help reduce the force of the fluid entering the colon, which may lessen cramping. This method slows the flow rate of the solution, allowing the client's body to adjust without stopping the procedure entirely.
C. Bearing down (straining) may increase the discomfort and is not recommended during the administration of an enema. It could potentially lead to rectal trauma or increase intrarectal pressure, which is not beneficial during the procedure.

D. While stopping the procedure is an option if the client is unable to tolerate it due to severe discomfort or distress, in this scenario where cramping is the main issue, allowing the client to expel some fluid is more appropriate before deciding to stop the procedure.

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A nurse is emptying a client's urinal when she notices the urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should identify that these findings are likely to be the result of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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