A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions for a pregnant woman who has gestational diabetes and received nutritional therapy and exercise counseling during pregnancy.
Which of the following outcomes indicates that the interventions were successful?
The woman gained less than 10 kg (22 lb) during pregnancy
The woman delivered a baby who weighed 3 kg (6.6 lb) at birth
The woman had no episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during pregnancy
The woman’s blood glucose levels returned to normal within six weeks after delivery
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is choice C. The woman had no episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during pregnancy. This indicates that the interventions were successful in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and preventing complications for the mother and the baby.
Choice A is wrong because the woman gained less than 10 kg (22 lb) during pregnancy.
This is below the recommended weight gain range for women with gestational diabetes, which depends on their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). According to a study based on over 12 thousand participants, the ideal weight gain range for women with gestational diabetes was 10–15.9 kg for underweight, 8–11.9 kg for normal weight, 6–7.9 kg for overweight, and -5–3.9 kg for obesity.
Choice B is wrong because the woman delivered a baby who weighed 3 kg (6.6 lb) at birth.
This is within the normal range for birth weight, but it does not necessarily reflect the effectiveness of the interventions for gestational diabetes. A baby born to a mother with gestational diabetes may be at risk of being large for gestational age (LGA), which is defined as a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age. LGA babies may have complications such as shoulder dystocia, hypoglycemia, and respiratory distress syndrome.
Choice D is wrong because the woman’s blood glucose levels returned to normal within six weeks after delivery.
This is a desirable outcome, but it does not indicate that the interventions were successful during pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes usually
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C.Being older than 25 years at the time of pregnancy is a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don’t already have diabetes.It occurs when the body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy.
Choice A is wrong because being underweight before pregnancy is not a risk factor for gestational diabetes.In fact, obesity is one of the biggest risk factors for this condition.
Choice B is wrong because having a history of infertility or miscarriage is not a risk factor for gestational diabetes.However, having a family history of diabetes is a risk factor.
Choice D is wrong because having a family history of autoimmune disease is not a risk factor for gestational diabetes.
Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, such as type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.Gestational diabetes is not an autoimmune disease, but rather a disorder of insulin resistance.
Normal ranges for blood glucose levels during pregnancy are:
• Fasting: less
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is
A. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
These are the classic signs and symptoms of diabetes, which occur due to high blood sugar levels.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can affect the health of the mother and the baby.
B. Hypotension, bradycardia, and bradypnea.
Statement is wrong because these are signs of low blood pressure, low heart rate, and low breathing rate, which are not related to gestational diabetes.
C. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Statement is wrong because these are signs of ketoacidosis, a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones.Ketoacidosis is rare in gestational diabetes and usually affects people with type 1 diabetes.
D. Headache, blurred vision, and drowsiness.
Statement is wrong because these are signs of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or hypertensive disorders (high blood pressure), which can occur in gestational diabetes but are not specific to it.They can also be caused by other conditions such as dehydration, infection, or preeclampsia.
Normal ranges for blood sugar levels during pregnancy are:
• Before meals: 3.5 to 5.9 mmol/L (63 to 106 mg/dL)
• One hour after meals: 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or less
• Two hours after meals: 6.4 mmol/L (115 mg/dL) or less
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