A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four pregnant women who are being screened for gestational diabetes.

Which of the following women has the highest risk factor for developing gestational diabetes?

The correct answer is choice B. Biophysical profile.

A biophysical profile is a test that combines a nonstress test with an ultrasound to assess the well-being of the fetus.

It measures five parameters: fetal heart rate, fetal breathing movements, fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume.A biophysical profile is indicated for pregnant women with gestational diabetes who are taking oral antidiabetic drugs because these medications can cross the placenta and affect the fetal blood glucose levels.

Choice A is wrong because a nonstress test is a test that measures the fetal heart rate response to fetal movements.It is a screening test for fetal well-being, but it does not provide information about the fetal blood glucose levels or the amniotic fluid volume.

Choice C is wrong because an amniocentesis is a test that involves inserting a needle into the uterus to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for genetic or biochemical analysis.It is not routinely performed for pregnant women with gestational diabetes unless there is a suspicion of a chromosomal abnormality or a fetal infection.

Choice D is wrong because chorionic villus sampling is a test that involves obtaining a sample of placental tissue for genetic or biochemical analysis.

It is usually performed between 10 and 13 weeks of gestation for women who are at high risk of having a baby with a chromosomal abnormality or a genetic disorder.It is not indicated for pregnant women with gestational diabetes who are taking oral antidiabetic drugs.

The correct answer is

A. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.

These are the classic signs and symptoms of diabetes, which occur due to high blood sugar levels.Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can affect the health of the mother and the baby.

B. Hypotension, bradycardia, and bradypnea.

Statement is wrong because these are signs of low blood pressure, low heart rate, and low breathing rate, which are not related to gestational diabetes.

C. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Statement is wrong because these are signs of ketoacidosis, a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body breaks down fat for energy and produces ketones.Ketoacidosis is rare in gestational diabetes and usually affects people with type 1 diabetes.

D. Headache, blurred vision, and drowsiness.

Statement is wrong because these are signs of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or hypertensive disorders (high blood pressure), which can occur in gestational diabetes but are not specific to it.They can also be caused by other conditions such as dehydration, infection, or preeclampsia.

Normal ranges for blood sugar levels during pregnancy are:

• Before meals: 3.5 to 5.9 mmol/L (63 to 106 mg/dL)

• One hour after meals: 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or less

• Two hours after meals: 6.4 mmol/L (115 mg/dL) or less