A nurse is explaining to a client who is preparing for emergency surgery due to a small bowel obstruction.

The client is anxious and doesn’t understand what the surgeon means by “adhesions” causing the blockage.

Which of the following statements is the best response from the nurse?

Choice A rationale
Sorbitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in many diet foods. It is also used in certain medications as a laxative to relieve constipation. However, it is not typically associated with liver failure and would not likely be questioned by the nurse in this context.
Choice B rationale
Lactulose is a type of sugar that is broken down in the large intestine into mild acids that draw water into the intestine, which then helps soften the stools. It is often used to treat constipation and is also used to reduce high blood ammonia levels in patients with liver disease. It would not typically be questioned by the nurse for a patient with chronic liver failure.
Choice C rationale
Neomycin is an antibiotic that is used to reduce the amount of ammonia produced by bacteria in the intestines. High levels of ammonia can cause hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication of liver disease. Therefore, neomycin can be beneficial for patients with chronic liver failure and would not likely be questioned by the nurse.
Choice D rationale
Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a common over-the-counter medication used to relieve pain and reduce fever. However, high doses or long-term use of acetaminophen can cause liver damage. In fact, acetaminophen overdose is a common cause of acute liver failure. Therefore, the nurse should question an order for acetaminophen for a patient with chronic liver failure.

Choice A rationale

Furosemide is a diuretic, or water pill, that helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. It can cause you to lose too much potassium, a mineral that helps your nerves, muscles, and organs work normally. So, it’s important to eat foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, tomatoes, beans, and spinach.