A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypo-parathyroidism about this disorder. The nurse explains to the patient that the physician has prescribed daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D. Which education by the nurse is appropriate for this patient?

"The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body, this will just help prevent osteoporosis"

"The reason you have hypo-parathyroidism is because you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements."

"A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones in order to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening."

"An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body; this will just help prevent osteoporosis":
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. Hypoparathyroidism, characterized by decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, leads to low blood calcium levels, not high levels.

B. "The reason you have hypoparathyroidism is that you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid and thyroid are separate glands with distinct functions. Hypoparathyroidism is not a result of hypothyroidism.

C. "A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening."
Explanation: This is the correct statement. Hypoparathyroidism leads to a decrease in PTH, resulting in low blood calcium levels. Without sufficient PTH, the body may resort to breaking down bones to maintain calcium levels.

D. "An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. An increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) typically leads to increased blood calcium levels by promoting the release of calcium from bones and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This describes hyperparathyroidism, not hypoparathyroidism.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin:
Explanation: Monitoring urine for albumin is more associated with microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. When the kidneys are affected, albumin may leak into the urine. This is not a macrovascular complication.

B. The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels:
Explanation: The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels is important, but it is more directly related to microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. High blood glucose levels over time can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys.

C. The need for frequent eye examinations for clients with diabetes:
Explanation: This is related to microvascular complications, specifically diabetic retinopathy. Changes in the small blood vessels of the retina can lead to vision problems. While important, it's not directly addressing macrovascular complications.

D. The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction:
Explanation: This is the correct answer. Macrovascular complications involve large blood vessels and are associated with conditions such as coronary artery disease, which increases the risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with diabetes.

A. 30 minute onset; 2 hour duration B. 15 minute onset; 30-60 minutes peak C. 2 hour onset; 12 hour duration D. 15 minute onset; no peak (continuous)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 30 minute onset; 2-hour duration: This does not accurately represent the onset and peak action time of Insulin Lispro.

B. 15 minute onset; 30-60 minutes peak: This is correct. Insulin Lispro has a rapid onset (starts working within 15 minutes) and a peak action time of 30-60 minutes after administration.

C. 2-hour onset; 12-hour duration: This is not accurate for rapid-acting insulin. Rapid-acting insulin has a much quicker onset and shorter duration compared to this option.

D. 15 minute onset; no peak (continuous): While the onset time is correct, stating "no peak" is not entirely accurate. Rapid-acting insulin does have a peak, but it's relatively short, occurring within the first hour after administration.

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A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypo-parathyroidism about this disorder. The nurse explains to the patient that the physician has prescribed daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D. Which education by the nurse is appropriate for this patient?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypo-parathyroidism about this disorder. The nurse explains to the patient that the physician has prescribed daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D. Which education by the nurse is appropriate for this patient?

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