A nurse is interviewing a female client who is Hispanic. The client's husband answers the questions and states, "She speaks only a little English." Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Choice A rationale:

The choice "Pigeon" is not the correct answer. Pigeon chest, also known as pectus carinatum, is a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. This condition is not associated with chronic bronchitis.

Choice B rationale:

The choice "Funnel" is not the correct answer. Funnel chest, or pectus excavatum, is a deformity where the sternum is sunken into the chest. It is not the expected chest shape in chronic bronchitis.

Choice C rationale:

The choice "Kyphotic" is not the correct answer. Kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a rounded upper back appearance. This is not the typical chest shape seen in chronic bronchitis.

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is "Barrel." Choice D is the correct answer. Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing. Over time, this can lead to air trapping in the lungs and an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest. This results in a barrel-shaped chest appearance, where the chest appears rounded and the ribs are more horizontal. This adaptation allows for increased lung capacity to accommodate for the compromised airflow in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Choice A rationale:

The nurse is demonstrating the phase of nursing care known as "Implementation." During this phase, the nurse carries out the interventions and actions that were planned in the previous stages of the nursing process. In this scenario, applying warm compresses to the client's joint is a planned intervention that is being executed by the nurse.

Choice B rationale:

Planning is not the correct choice for this scenario. Planning is the phase of nursing care where the nurse sets goals, outcomes, and develops a plan of action based on the assessment data. It occurs before the implementation phase.

Choice C rationale:

Evaluation is not the correct choice for this scenario. Evaluation is the phase where the nurse assesses the outcomes of the interventions and determines whether the goals have been met. It comes after the implementation phase.

Choice D rationale:

Assessment is not the correct choice for this scenario. Assessment is the initial phase of the nursing process where the nurse collects data about the client's health status. It precedes the planning, implementation, and evaluation phases.