A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.
The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.
The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?

Allergic.

Febrile nonhemolytic.

Acute hemolytic.

Bacterial.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Allergic transfusion reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, itching, and shortness of breath. While allergic reactions can cause discomfort, they do not typically present with the symptoms described in the scenario, such as chills, headache, low-back pain, and chest tightness.

Choice B rationale:

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are characterized by fever and chills, but they do not usually cause headache, low-back pain, or chest tightness. These reactions occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes or platelets.

Choice C rationale:

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when there is a mismatch in blood type between the donor and recipient, leading to rapid destruction of transfused red blood cells. This reaction can cause symptoms such as chills, fever, low-back pain, chest tightness, and hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in the urine) It is a medical emergency that requires immediate cessation of the transfusion, supportive care, and treatment for potential complications such as acute kidney injury.

Choice D rationale:

Bacterial transfusion reactions occur due to bacterial contamination of the blood product. These reactions can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and shock. While bacterial transfusion reactions can be serious, the symptoms described in the scenario, including headache and low-back pain, are not typically associated with this type of reaction.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Changing the inner cannula on a tracheostomy is within the legal scope of practice for registered nurses. Nurses are trained to perform tracheostomy care, including changing the inner cannula. This procedure is within the nursing scope of practice and does not require a physician's intervention.

Choice B rationale:

Inserting a tunneled central venous catheter (such as a Hickman line) is a specialized procedure that generally falls under the scope of practice for advanced practice nurses (such as nurse practitioners or clinical nurse specialists) or physicians. RNs typically do not have the required training or authority to perform this invasive procedure.

Choice C rationale:

Irrigation of an external ear canal is within the legal scope of practice for registered nurses. Ear irrigation is a common nursing procedure used to remove impacted cerumen (earwax) and foreign bodies from the ear canal. Nurses are trained to perform this procedure safely and effectively.

Choice D rationale:

Administering blood products, including platelet transfusions, is within the legal scope of practice for an RN. RNs are responsible for preparing, verifying, and administering blood products according to institutional policies and procedures. This includes monitoring the patient during and after the transfusion for any adverse reactions.

A. Use the balloon port to obtain the sterile specimen. B. Unclamp the collection port below the bag. C. Disconnect the catheter from the collection tubing. D. Obtain the specimen from the retention port.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The balloon port is used to inflate or deflate the catheter balloon and is not used for obtaining urine specimens.
B. Unclamping the collection port could contaminate the specimen with non-sterile urine from the tubing.
C. Disconnecting the catheter from the collection tubing could introduce contaminants into the catheter and tubing.
D. Correct. The retention port is a sterile access point on the catheter itself, and it can be used to obtain a sterile urine specimen without compromising the sterility of the collection system.

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A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.
The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.
The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?