A nurse is monitoring an infant who is receiving opioids for pain.
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is having a therapeutic effect?

Choice A rationale:

"Consume 1,500 to 1,700 calories per day." This statement provides a specific calorie range suitable for most adolescents. It ensures they receive adequate energy to support their growth and daily activities. Adequate caloric intake is essential during adolescence to support proper physical and mental development.

Choice B rationale:

"Decrease your vitamin D intake once you start to menstruate." Menstruation does not affect the need for vitamin D intake. In fact, vitamin D is crucial for bone health, especially during adolescence when bones are still developing. Adolescents, including females, should maintain an appropriate level of vitamin D intake to support bone health and overall well-being.

Choice C rationale:

"Increase the amount of your dietary iron intake." During adolescence, especially for females, iron requirements increase due to menstrual losses. Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells and to prevent anemia. Adolescents, particularly females, should be educated about the importance of including iron-rich foods in their diet to meet their increased nutritional needs.

Choice D rationale:

"Limit your sodium intake to 3,000 milligrams per day." While limiting sodium intake is generally advisable for overall health, this statement does not specifically address the nutritional needs of adolescents. Adolescents need guidance on various aspects of nutrition, but limiting sodium intake should be part of a broader discussion about a balanced diet, rather than a singular focus during this educational session.

The correct answer is choice d. Demonstrate deep-breathing and counting exercises.

Choice A rationale:

Using vague language to describe the procedure can increase anxiety and fear in the child. Clear and age-appropriate explanations help the child understand what to expect.

Choice B rationale:

A 30-minute teaching session may be too long for a school-age child, leading to loss of attention and increased anxiety. Short, focused sessions are more effective.

Choice C rationale:

Explaining the procedure in the playroom can associate a place of comfort with stress and anxiety. It’s better to explain the procedure in a neutral or medical setting.

Choice D rationale:

Demonstrating deep-breathing and counting exercises helps the child manage anxiety and pain during the procedure. These techniques are effective coping strategies for children undergoing medical procedures.