A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a client prior to surgery. Which of the following is necessary for informed consent to be valid? (Select all that apply.)

A. "Client fell out of bed and cut his forehead due to sedative-induced confusion."

This option provides information about the fall and the cause but lacks specific details about the injury, location, or the client's orientation. It is not as detailed or objective as it could be.

B. "Client found lying on the floor with blood on his face. Assistive personnel forgot to put side rails up at bedtime."

This option includes information about the client's position, the presence of blood, and attributes the fall to the failure of the assistive personnel to put up side rails. While it provides some details, it introduces an element of blame and speculation. It's important to stick to factual information in documentation.

C. "Client found lying on the floor with a 3-cm laceration 1 cm above left eyebrow. Client oriented to name only."

This option provides specific details about the client's position, the nature and location of the injury (laceration), and the client's orientation status. It is concise, objective, and focused on the relevant information.

D. "Client fell out of bed and received a facial laceration when his head hit the bedside table. See incident report in the medical record for further details."

This option includes information about the fall, the injury, and refers to an incident report for further details. While it provides information, it may be more appropriate to include essential details directly in the documentation rather than referring to another document for additional information.

A. Client understands the surgical procedure:

The client should have a clear understanding of the proposed surgical procedure, its risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential complications.

B. Voluntary consent is given:

The client's consent should be given voluntarily, without coercion or pressure from healthcare providers or others.

C. Client's ability to read the consent form:

While it is helpful for clients to be able to read the consent form, the ability to read the form is not a requirement for valid consent. The information should be explained verbally if the client cannot read.

D. Client's ability to pay for the consented surgical procedure:

The client's ability to pay for the procedure is not a factor in obtaining informed consent. Financial considerations do not affect the validity of the consent.

E. Disclosure of the treatment is provided:

Healthcare providers must disclose information about the proposed treatment, including its nature, purpose, risks, benefits, and potential alternatives, allowing the client to make an informed decision.