A nurse is obtaining informed consent from a client who is preoperative. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

A. Applying a warm compress can help dilate the blood vessels, potentially improving circulation around the IV site. This can sometimes alleviate discomfort caused by irritation or infiltration. However, if there is significant pain or swelling, warm compresses may not be sufficient.
B. Applying firm pressure on the syringe plunger during the flush is not recommended. Excessive force could potentially cause damage to the vein or exacerbate pain and discomfort. It's important to flush gently to maintain patency and avoid causing further irritation or complications.
C. If the client reports pain above the IV saline lock and there are signs of infiltration (such as swelling, coolness, or blanching of the skin around the site), removing the IV saline lock may be necessary. Infiltration occurs when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue instead of flowing into the vein, which can lead to discomfort and complications.
D. Injecting the solution more slowly during the flush can help minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of causing further damage. Slower infusion allows for better tolerance by the vein and surrounding tissues, decreasing the likelihood of pain or infiltration.

A. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (alkaline) and a low PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg). The ABG results provided show a pH of 7.3 (which is acidic) and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg (which is elevated). Therefore, these results do not indicate respiratory alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH (<7.35) and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3-). The ABG results show a pH of 7.3 (acidic), which aligns with metabolic acidosis. However, the PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg is elevated, which typically indicates respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and an elevated bicarbonate (HCO3-). The ABG results show a pH of 7.3 (acidic), which does not suggest metabolic alkalosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and an elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg). The ABG results provided show a pH of 7.3 (acidic) and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg (elevated). These findings are consistent with respiratory acidosis, where the elevated PaCO2 indicates retention of carbon dioxide, leading to acidosis.