A nurse is phoning a provider to report a client's serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L). Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexolate)

Lactulose

Acetylcysteine

Potassium iodide

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate): This medication is used to treat hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestines, which helps lower potassium levels. The client’s potassium level is dangerously high at 6.2 mEq/L, so this is the most appropriate treatment.

B. Lactulose: Lactulose is used to treat hyperammonemia in liver failure or constipation. It has no role in managing elevated potassium levels.

C. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen overdose or as a mucolytic. It is not indicated for hyperkalemia.

D. Potassium iodide: Potassium iodide is used to protect the thyroid from radiation exposure or to treat certain types of thyroid conditions, not for hyperkalemia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 0.9% sodium chloride: Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is the standard solution that can be administered with blood products. It is isotonic and does not cause hemolysis or alter the structure of red blood cells.

B. Lactated Ringers solution: Lactated Ringers solution is not used with blood products due to the potential for hemolysis when calcium is present, which can interfere with the clotting cascade and affect blood cell integrity.

C. 5% dextrose/0.2% sodium chloride: Dextrose solutions should not be used with blood components, as they can cause red blood cells to hemolyze, leading to hemolysis and complications in transfusion.

D. 5% dextrose/0.45% sodium chloride: This solution contains dextrose, which can cause red blood cell hemolysis and should not be used with blood products.

A. Weak pulse B. Distended neck veins C. Bradycardia D. Pitting Edema

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Weak pulse: Isotonic fluid-volume deficit results in decreased blood volume, leading to reduced cardiac output and a weak, thready pulse.

B. Distended neck veins: This is associated with fluid volume excess, not deficit.

C. Bradycardia: Fluid deficit typically leads to tachycardia as the body compensates for decreased circulating volume.

D. Pitting edema: This is a sign of fluid overload rather than deficit.

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A nurse is phoning a provider to report a client's serum potassium of 6.2 mEq/L (3.5-5 mEq/L). Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

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