The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery

A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid

A patient with UTI on po iv meds

A patient with congestive heart failure

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery: This is the most acute and severe form of hypovolemia due to significant blood loss, requiring immediate fluid replacement and hemodynamic monitoring.

B. A patient who received 6 liters of IV fluid: This patient is at risk for hypervolemia, not hypovolemia, due to fluid overload.

C. A patient with UTI on PO meds: While dehydration may occur, it is typically mild and does not cause hypovolemia.

D. A patient with congestive heart failure: CHF usually leads to fluid retention, making hypovolemia unlikely unless there are other complicating factors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lactulose: Lactulose is used to treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing ammonia levels, not for hyperkalemia.

B. Acetylcysteine: Acetylcysteine is used for acetaminophen overdose or as a mucolytic agent, not for hyperkalemia.

C. Sodium polystyrene (Kayexalate): Kayexalate is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the intestines, promoting the elimination of potassium through the stool. This is the correct treatment for a potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L, which is dangerously high.

D. Triamterene: Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic and would worsen hyperkalemia, not treat it.

A. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L (3.5-5mEq/L) B. Urine specific gravity 1.035 (1.005-1.030) C. weight loss of 3% of total body weight. D. Blood glucose 150 mg/Dl

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: This critically low potassium level can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention.

B. Urine specific gravity 1.035: While indicative of dehydration, it is not life-threatening and can be addressed after correcting the potassium imbalance.

C. Weight loss of 3% of total body weight: Significant but not the most critical concern in the immediate term.

D. Blood glucose 150 mg/dL: Elevated but not urgent compared to the hypokalemia.

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The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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