A nurse is planning discharge teaching for an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the plan?

Drink 8 oz of milk when hypoglycemia develops.

Initiate a 1,400-calorie diet daily.

Rotate the insulin injection site to a different area of the body with every other injection.

Keep unopened insulin refrigerated at 4.44° C (40° F).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Drink 8 oz of milk when hypoglycemia develops:
While consuming a fast-acting carbohydrate is important during hypoglycemia, 8 oz of milk may not be the most effective choice. Typically, glucose tablets or juice are recommended as they provide a quicker absorption of sugar into the bloodstream.

B) Initiate a 1,400-calorie diet daily:
Caloric needs should be individualized based on the adolescent’s age, weight, activity level, and overall health. A fixed 1,400-calorie diet might not be appropriate for every adolescent and could lead to insufficient energy intake or excessive restriction.

C) Rotate the insulin injection site to a different area of the body with every other injection:
While rotating injection sites is important to prevent lipodystrophy, it is generally recommended to use different sites within the same area (such as different spots on the abdomen) rather than entirely different areas of the body with each injection. This ensures consistent absorption of insulin.

D) Keep unopened insulin refrigerated at 4.44° C (40° F):
Unopened insulin should be stored in the refrigerator to maintain its potency until it is ready to be used. This temperature range ensures the insulin remains stable and effective for use.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Stroke:
Hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus both contribute significantly to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to stroke. High levels of lipids in the blood can cause plaque buildup in the arteries, and diabetes can damage blood vessels and increase the likelihood of clots forming.

B) Benign prostatic hyperplasia:
While benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in older men, it is not directly related to hyperlipidemia or diabetes. It is more related to age and hormonal changes rather than metabolic or vascular conditions.

C) Meniere’s disease:
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that leads to vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. It is not associated with hyperlipidemia or diabetes. The primary risk factors are genetic predisposition and abnormalities in the ear's fluid dynamics.

D) Hemophilia:
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot. It is inherited and not influenced by lifestyle-related conditions such as hyperlipidemia or diabetes. The risk factors for hemophilia are primarily genetic, with no direct link to metabolic conditions.

A. "I should limit my weightlifting to three times per week." B. "I can continue to horseback ride." C. "I will go walking with a friend around our neighborhood." D. "I will join my brother at his community aerobics class."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "I should limit my weightlifting to three times per week.": While weightlifting can be beneficial for bone health, it is generally recommended to engage in weight-bearing and resistance exercises more frequently than three times a week for optimal bone density. The frequency and type of weightlifting should be tailored to individual needs and safety considerations.

B) "I can continue to horseback ride.": Horseback riding, especially if not done carefully, poses a risk of falls and fractures, which can be dangerous for individuals with osteoporosis. Activities with a higher risk of injury should be avoided or approached with caution.

C) "I will go walking with a friend around our neighborhood.": Walking is a low-impact, weight-bearing exercise that promotes bone health and mobility without high risk. It is a suitable and recommended activity for individuals with osteoporosis to help maintain bone density and prevent falls.

D) "I will join my brother at his community aerobics class.": Aerobics classes may involve high-impact exercises and movements that could increase the risk of fractures or falls in individuals with osteoporosis. Low-impact, bone-strengthening activities are generally recommended instead.

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A nurse is planning discharge teaching for an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the plan?

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