A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include about preventing the spread of the infection?

• Prenatal anemia: Decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, impairing tissue oxygenation and immune response. This weakened immune status makes the client more vulnerable to infections during the postpartum period and delays healing.
• High parity: Increases the risk of uterine atony because repeated pregnancies and deliveries cause stretching and weakening of the uterine muscle. This reduces the uterus’s ability to contract effectively after birth, increasing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
• Polyhydramnios; Leads to overdistension of the uterus during pregnancy, which can impair uterine muscle tone and its ability to contract properly after delivery. This overdistension is a common cause of uterine atony and related postpartum bleeding.
• Prolonged rupture of membranes: Allows bacteria from the vagina to ascend into the uterus over time, significantly increasing the risk of infection such as chorioamnionitis or postpartum endometritis. The longer the membranes are ruptured before delivery, the greater the infection risk.

A. Place the newborn in the prone position: The supine position is recommended for newborns to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Phototherapy does not change this guideline, and the baby should be placed on their back.
B. Offer glucose water after each feeding: Glucose water is not recommended as a supplement. Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition and hydration. The focus should be on maintaining regular feedings to support bilirubin excretion.
C. Apply lotion to the newborn's exposed skin: Lotions and ointments should be avoided during phototherapy because they can cause skin irritation or even burns when exposed to the phototherapy lights.
D. Cover the newborn's eyes with a mask: The eyes must be protected during phototherapy to prevent retinal damage from the intense light exposure. A properly fitted eye mask should be used and checked regularly for correct placement.