A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam to a client who has an anxiety disorder. The nurse should identify that diazepam belongs to which of the following schedules of controlled substances?

Correct answer: b) Stimulants

Rationale: Methylphenidate is a stimulant that acts on the central nervous system to increase alertness, attention, and focus. It belongs to Schedule II of controlled substances, which have a high potential for abuse and dependence but have some accepted medical uses with severe restrictions.

Incorrect choices:
a) Opioids: Opioids are controlled substances that act on opioid receptors to produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation, and respiratory depression. They belong to Schedule II or III of controlled substances depending on their potency and formulation.
c) Depressants: Depressants are controlled substances that reduce anxiety, agitation, and insomnia. They belong to Schedule IV or V of controlled substances depending on their potential for abuse and dependence.
d) Hallucinogens: Hallucinogens are controlled substances that alter perception, cognition, mood, and behavior. They belong to Schedule I of controlled substances, which have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse and dependence.

Correct answer: A, D, E

Rationale: Fentanyl patches are transdermal delivery systems that provide continuous opioid analgesia for up to 72 hours. The nurse should instruct the client to apply the patch to a dry, hairless area of intact skin; avoid exposing the patch to heat sources that can increase absorption and cause overdose; and report any signs of opioid toxicity such as confusion, drowsiness, or difficulty breathing.

Incorrect choices:
b) Change the patch every 24 hours or as needed for pain relief.: This is incorrect as changing the patch more frequently than every 72 hours can cause overdose and dependence.

c) Dispose of the used patch by flushing it down the toilet.: This is incorrect as flushing the patch down the toilet can contaminate the water supply and pose a risk of accidental ingestion by children or pets. The nurse should instruct the client to fold the patch in half with the sticky sides together and dispose of it in a secure trash container.