A nurse is preparing to teach a class at a community center for individuals who have hyperlipidemia. Which of the following nutritional recommendations should the nurse plan to include?

"Drink whole milk instead of skim milk."

"Limit saturated fat to 15 percent of total daily fat intake."

"Select trans fats for daily fat intake."

"Replace red meat with fish three times per week."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) "Drink whole milk instead of skim milk": Whole milk contains higher levels of saturated fats compared to skim milk. For individuals with hyperlipidemia, it is advisable to reduce intake of saturated fats to help lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health. Drinking skim or low-fat milk is a healthier option to manage lipid levels.

B) "Limit saturated fat to 15 percent of total daily fat intake": The American Heart Association recommends that saturated fat intake should be limited to less than 7% of total daily calories for those managing hyperlipidemia. Limiting saturated fat to 15% is too high and can contribute to increased cholesterol levels, negatively impacting cardiovascular health.

C) "Select trans fats for daily fat intake": Trans fats are known to significantly raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and lower HDL (good) cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease. It is essential to avoid trans fats altogether in the diet, as they are detrimental to cardiovascular health.

D) "Replace red meat with fish three times per week": Replacing red meat with fish, especially fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, can be beneficial for individuals with hyperlipidemia. Fish is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower triglyceride levels, reduce inflammation, and improve overall heart health. This dietary change supports better lipid management and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) "Limit sodium intake to 3,500 milligrams per day.":
Limiting sodium intake is crucial for managing heart failure to prevent fluid retention and exacerbation of symptoms. However, the recommended limit is typically much lower, around 1,500 to 2,000 milligrams per day, not 3,500 milligrams.

B) "Take ibuprofen for discomfort.":
Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are not recommended for clients with heart failure as they can cause fluid retention, worsen heart failure symptoms, and increase the risk of kidney problems. Alternatives such as acetaminophen are generally safer for pain relief.

C) "Increase the distance you walk by 100 feet daily, even if you feel fatigued.":
While regular exercise is important, clients with heart failure should not push through fatigue, as overexertion can lead to worsening symptoms. Exercise recommendations should be tailored to the individual's tolerance and should be adjusted based on their energy levels.

D) "Include no more than 2,000 milliliters of fluid intake in 24 hours.":
Restricting fluid intake to 2,000 milliliters per day helps prevent fluid overload, which is critical for managing heart failure. Monitoring and limiting fluid intake can help control symptoms such as edema and shortness of breath.

A. "I will expect to have to strain while having a bowel movement." B. "I'll plan to restrict my fluid intake to 1 liter per day." C. "I might have the urge to urinate while I have the catheter in place." D. "I'll keep my leg flexed if the catheter is taped to my leg."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "I will expect to have to strain while having a bowel movement":
Straining during bowel movements should be avoided as it can increase abdominal pressure and strain on the surgical site, potentially leading to complications such as bleeding or increased discomfort.

B) "I'll plan to restrict my fluid intake to 1 liter per day":
Fluid restriction is not typically advised after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Adequate fluid intake is important to help flush the bladder and reduce the risk of blood clots and urinary tract infections.

C) "I might have the urge to urinate while I have the catheter in place":
It is common for clients to feel the urge to urinate while a catheter is in place due to the pressure of the catheter on the bladder neck. This statement indicates an understanding of the postoperative experience and normal sensations.

D) "I'll keep my leg flexed if the catheter is taped to my leg":
Keeping the leg flexed is not necessary for catheter management. The catheter should be securely taped to the leg to prevent movement and minimize discomfort, but the position of the leg is not a critical factor in its management.

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