A nurse is preparing to teach a forgetful older adult patient about a multiple drug regimen to follow after discharge from the hospital. To help promote adherence, what will the nurse do?

A. A client who has glucose in his urine: Glucosuria indicates uncontrolled blood glucose levels, often seen in diabetes mellitus. It is not a manifestation of urinary retention, which relates to incomplete bladder emptying.

B. A client who has an elevated BUN: An elevated blood urea nitrogen level reflects impaired kidney function or dehydration. While urinary retention can eventually contribute to kidney damage, BUN alone does not specifically indicate retention.

C. A client who reports urinary frequency: Frequent urination in small amounts is a classic sign of urinary retention. The bladder remains incompletely emptied, so the urge to void recurs often despite inadequate relief.

D. A client who reports painful urination: Painful urination (dysuria) is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections or bladder inflammation. It is not a primary manifestation of urinary retention.

A. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6): Deficiency in vitamin B6 can cause peripheral neuropathy, irritability, depression, and seizures. While glossitis may occur, the combination of cheilosis and corneal vascularization is not typical of B6 deficiency.

B. Riboflavin (vitamin B2): Riboflavin deficiency is classically associated with cheilosis, glossitis, corneal vascularization, and seborrheic dermatitis affecting areas like the scrotum and vulva. These findings are hallmark signs of ariboflavinosis.

C. Thiamine (vitamin B1): Thiamine deficiency causes beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, with manifestations including neuropathy, heart failure, and confusion. It is not linked to cheilosis or corneal changes.

D. Niacin (nicotinic acid): Niacin deficiency results in pellagra, characterized by the “three Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. The dermatitis is photosensitive but does not involve cheilosis or corneal vascularization.