A nurse is providing a presentation to a group of nurses on lifelong learning in nursing. Which of the following resources should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

A. Focus charting. Focus charting uses the DAR (Data, Action, Response) format to document client care. It emphasizes patient-centered concerns, such as symptoms, behaviors, or nursing diagnoses. This method allows for structured yet flexible documentation of important observations and interventions.

B. Problem-oriented medical record (POMR). POMR organizes documentation around specific health problems, using components like the database, problem list, care plan, and progress notes. It does not specifically follow the DAR format.

C. SOAP documentation. SOAP stands for Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan and is used for problem-focused documentation. It differs from DAR, as it emphasizes a structured approach to analyzing and addressing patient problems.

D. PIE model. The PIE model (Problem, Intervention, Evaluation) focuses on nursing diagnoses and interventions rather than the DAR method of focus charting. It provides a problem-oriented approach but does not use the same structure as DAR documentation.

A. Fairness. Fairness involves providing equitable and unbiased care to all patients. While fairness is a crucial aspect of nursing ethics, checking a client’s response to pain medication is more aligned with the nurse’s duty to follow through on patient care responsibilities.

B. Confidence. Confidence refers to a nurse’s self-assurance in their clinical skills and decision-making. Although confidence is important in nursing practice, evaluating a medication’s effectiveness is more about fulfilling a professional duty rather than demonstrating confidence.

C. Responsibility. Responsibility involves following through on nursing interventions and ensuring patient safety. By checking on the client to evaluate the effectiveness of a pain medication, the nurse is demonstrating accountability for patient care and adherence to proper nursing practice.

D. Advocacy. Advocacy involves speaking up for a patient’s rights, ensuring they receive appropriate care, and supporting their well-being. While assessing pain relief can contribute to advocacy, in this case, the nurse is primarily fulfilling their professional responsibility in medication administration and follow-up.