A nurse is teaching a class about the steps of the inflammatory response. The nurse should include that which of the following is the first step in the inflammatory response?
Release of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein
Recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors on cell surfaces
Inflammatory cells are activated
Inflammatory pathways are triggered
The Correct Answer is B
A. Release of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein. C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by the liver in response to inflammation, but its release occurs later in the inflammatory process, not as the initial step.
B. Recognition of harmful stimuli by pattern receptors on cell surfaces. The inflammatory response begins when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, detect harmful stimuli like pathogens or tissue damage. This triggers a cascade of immune responses.
C. Inflammatory cells are activated. Once harmful stimuli are recognized, immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages become activated to eliminate the threat. However, cell activation occurs after the initial recognition step.
D. Inflammatory pathways are triggered. Inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, are activated after harmful stimuli are detected. These pathways regulate the production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Advocacy. Advocacy involves protecting a client’s rights, ensuring informed decision-making, and speaking up for patient safety. While advocating for patient well-being is crucial, this scenario primarily reflects the nurse’s responsibility for their own actions rather than advocating for the client.
B. Accountability. Accountability means taking responsibility for one’s actions, including errors, and following appropriate steps to address them. By assessing the client, informing the provider, and completing an incident report, the nurse demonstrates professional integrity and commitment to ethical practice.
C. Fairness. Fairness involves treating all patients equitably and ensuring unbiased care. While important in nursing, fairness does not directly apply to this situation, which centers on taking responsibility for an error rather than distributing care impartially.
D. Confidence. Confidence refers to the nurse’s self-assurance in clinical decision-making and skills. While confidence is essential in nursing practice, admitting and reporting an error requires integrity and accountability rather than confidence.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "The MDS forms are provided to the facility with analysis of each resident's prescribed medications." While medication management is part of a resident’s overall care, the Minimum Data Set (MDS) primarily focuses on assessing a resident’s physical, cognitive, and psychosocial status rather than analyzing medication regimens.
B. "The MDS forms provide documentation of each resident's assessment, including their cognitive and physical status." The MDS is a standardized assessment tool used in long-term care facilities to evaluate residents' needs, including cognitive function, physical health, and psychosocial well-being. It helps guide individualized care planning and ensures compliance with federal regulations.
C. "The MDS forms are completed by the provider each month." The MDS is typically completed by trained nurses or interdisciplinary team members rather than only the provider. It is updated at specific intervals, such as upon admission, quarterly, annually, and when there is a significant change in a resident’s condition.
D. "The MDS forms are faxed to health care providers at the end of each quarter." MDS documentation is electronically submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) rather than being faxed to individual healthcare providers. The data collected helps monitor care quality and facility compliance with federal guidelines.
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