A nurse is providing care for several clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

A client admitted for hip fracture surgery.

A client who is awaiting cataract surgery.

A client who is receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection.

A client who is being evaluated for a breast lump.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

A client admitted for hip fracture surgery is at risk for various complications, but not specifically for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). HHS is more commonly triggered by infections, severe dehydration, or other acute illnesses. While surgery can be a stressor, it is not as directly linked to HHS as infections are.

Choice B reason:

A client who is awaiting cataract surgery is not typically at high risk for developing HHS. Cataract surgery is generally a planned and controlled procedure that does not usually involve the acute stressors or infections that can precipitate HHS.

Choice C reason:

A client who is receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection is at a higher risk for developing HHS. Infections are a common precipitating factor for HHS because they can cause significant stress on the body, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. The body’s response to infection can exacerbate hyperglycemia, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Choice D reason:

A client who is being evaluated for a breast lump is not typically at high risk for HHS. While the evaluation process can be stressful, it does not usually involve the acute physiological stressors or infections that are more directly linked to the development of HHS.

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Correct Answer is ["D"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A urine specific gravity of 1.010 falls within the normal range of 1.005 to 1.0301. This value does not indicate hyponatremia. In SIADH, urine is often more concentrated due to the retention of water, leading to higher specific gravity values.

Choice B Reason:

Respiratory alkalosis is not a typical manifestation of hyponatremia. It is usually associated with conditions that cause hyperventilation, such as anxiety or high altitude. SIADH typically does not cause respiratory alkalosis.

Choice C Reason:

Diarrhea is not a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. While diarrhea can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, it is not a symptom caused by SIADH5. SIADH leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, not diarrhea.

Choice D Reason:

Diminished reflexes are a manifestation of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels affect neuromuscular function, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and diminished reflexes7. This is a direct result of the electrolyte imbalance caused by SIADH.

A. I will decrease my activity to prevent added stress on my legs. B. I will need to massage my legs frequently to prevent a buildup of fluid. C. I will keep my legs in a dependent position. D. I will inspect my legs every day for changes in color, size, and temperature.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Decreasing activity is not recommended for managing peripheral venous disease. Regular physical activity, such as walking, helps improve blood circulation and can reduce symptoms. Inactivity can lead to worsening of the condition and increase the risk of complications.

Choice B Reason:

Massaging the legs frequently is not typically recommended for preventing fluid buildup in peripheral venous disease. Instead, compression therapy, such as wearing compression stockings, is more effective in managing symptoms and preventing fluid accumulation.

Choice C Reason:

Keeping the legs in a dependent position (hanging down) can worsen symptoms of peripheral venous disease. Elevating the legs above heart level helps reduce swelling and improve blood flow, which is beneficial for managing the condition.

Choice D Reason:

Inspecting the legs daily for changes in color, size, and temperature is crucial for managing peripheral venous disease. This practice helps in early detection of complications such as infections, ulcers, or worsening of the condition, allowing for timely medical intervention.

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A nurse is providing care for several clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings are manifestations of hyponatremia? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["D"]

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has peripheral venous disease about management of symptoms. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing a client’s laboratory results and sees that their hemoglobin A1C is 9. Which of the following statements from the nurse is appropriate?

The nurse is providing care for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and is critically ill. Which of the following lab findings requires immediate intervention?

A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral venous disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of venous disease?

A nurse is providing care for a client who has hypervolemia, ketoacidosis, and metabolic acidosis. Which of the following lab values should the nurse be concerned about?

Teaching a patient who has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). Which of the following topics should be prioritized?The nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has been prescribed doses of insulin.

A nurse is providing care for a client who has the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following findings is consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH?

A nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin safety. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate?

A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following medications should the nurse question?