A nurse is providing discharge education to a client who is going home with a cast on his leg. What teaching point would be appropriate for the nurse to emphasize in the teaching session?

Choice A reason: Males with a cardiac history between the ages of 30 and 40 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several protective factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. Cardiac history may affect the bone health indirectly, by limiting the physical activity or affecting the calcium absorption, but it is not a major risk factor.

Choice B reason: Females with a history of diabetes and are between the ages of 20 and 30 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their age and hormone levels. Females in their reproductive years have higher estrogen levels than post-menopausal females, which helps to preserve the bone density and prevent the bone resorption. Diabetes may increase the risk of osteoporosis, by affecting the insulin, glucose, and inflammatory pathways, but it is not a definitive risk factor.

Choice C reason: Males who have had a previous fracture are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their gender and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. A previous fracture may indicate a low bone density or a high fall risk, but it is not a conclusive risk factor.

Choice D reason: Females who have a history of estrogen deficiency and are post-menopausal are the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several risk factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Females have lower peak bone mass and higher bone loss rate than males, and they experience a significant drop of estrogen after menopause, which leads to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Estrogen deficiency may also cause other symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, or vaginal dryness, which may affect the quality of life and the bone health.

Choice A reason: Pain management is an important goal for a client with osteoarthritis, but it is not the only one. The question asks for what goals the nurse should include, not what is the most essential or urgent goal.

Choice B reason: Improvement of joint mobility is a correct goal for a client with osteoarthritis, as it helps to prevent stiffness, contractures, and deformities of the affected joints. It also improves the client's function, quality of life, and independence.

Choice C reason: Client will recover from osteoarthritis within 6 months is not a realistic or attainable goal, as osteoarthritis is a chronic and progressive condition that has no cure. The nurse should focus on managing the symptoms and preventing complications, not on curing the disease.

Choice D reason: Weight loss promotion is a relevant goal for a client with osteoarthritis, especially if the client is obese, as it helps to reduce the stress and pressure on the weight-bearing joints. However, it is not a specific or measurable goal, as it does not indicate how much weight the client should lose or how the nurse will monitor the progress.

Choice E reason: The client will deny symptoms of osteoarthritis is not a desirable or appropriate goal, as it implies that the client is not honest or aware of their condition. The nurse should encourage the client to report any symptoms or changes in their joints, as it helps to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to adjust the plan of care accordingly.