A nurse with 10 years of experience attends a hospital-required training session and learns a new method for securing Foley catheters to the leg after insertion. During the training, the nurse educator provides the nurse with a bibliography of current peer-reviewed articles related to Foley catheter securement devices. The nurse recognizes the change in procedure is developed from which method?

Choice A reason: Scabies can be cured with prescription medications that kill the mites and their eggs, such as permethrin cream or ivermectin pills. Steroid cream may help to reduce the itching and inflammation, but it does not eliminate the infection.

Choice B reason: Treatment should start as soon as possible after the diagnosis of scabies, but there is no specific time limit of 72 hours. The sooner the treatment begins, the faster the symptoms will improve and the risk of transmission will decrease.

Choice C reason: Washing clothes, towels, and sheets in hot water is an important part of the education for a client with scabies, as it helps to get rid of any mites or eggs that may have been transferred to the fabrics. The items should also be dried in a hot dryer or sealed in a plastic bag for at least 72 hours.

Choice D reason: Reducing intake of refined sugar has no effect on the risk of scabies, as scabies is not caused by dietary factors, but by a parasitic infestation of the skin by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The mite is transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact or by sharing personal items with an infected person.

Choice E reason: Avoiding close contact with others until treated is another key part of the education for a client with scabies, as it helps to prevent the spread of the infection to other people. The client should also inform their household members, sexual partners, and close contacts, as they may need to be treated as well.

Choice A reason: Males with a cardiac history between the ages of 30 and 40 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several protective factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. Cardiac history may affect the bone health indirectly, by limiting the physical activity or affecting the calcium absorption, but it is not a major risk factor.

Choice B reason: Females with a history of diabetes and are between the ages of 20 and 30 years old are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their age and hormone levels. Females in their reproductive years have higher estrogen levels than post-menopausal females, which helps to preserve the bone density and prevent the bone resorption. Diabetes may increase the risk of osteoporosis, by affecting the insulin, glucose, and inflammatory pathways, but it is not a definitive risk factor.

Choice C reason: Males who have had a previous fracture are not the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have some protective factors, such as their gender and hormone levels. Males have higher peak bone mass and lower bone loss rate than females, and they do not experience the rapid decline of estrogen that occurs after menopause. A previous fracture may indicate a low bone density or a high fall risk, but it is not a conclusive risk factor.

Choice D reason: Females who have a history of estrogen deficiency and are post-menopausal are the most at risk for developing osteoporosis, as they have several risk factors, such as their gender, age, and hormone levels. Females have lower peak bone mass and higher bone loss rate than males, and they experience a significant drop of estrogen after menopause, which leads to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Estrogen deficiency may also cause other symptoms, such as hot flashes, mood swings, or vaginal dryness, which may affect the quality of life and the bone health.