A nurse is providing education to a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregiver about non-pharmacological interventions to manage the disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Maintain a consistent daily routine and environment

Use memory aids such as calendars, clocks, or lists

Engage in physical and mental activities that are enjoyable and stimulating

Avoid social interactions that may cause stress or confusion

Limit fluid intake and caffeine consumption

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A reason:

This is a correct answer. The nurse should advise the client and their caregiver to maintain a consistent daily routine and environment, as this can help reduce anxiety, agitation, or disorientation in clients who have AD. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, language, reasoning, judgment, and other cognitive abilities. Maintaining a consistent daily routine and environment can provide structure, familiarity, and security for the client.

Choice B reason:

This is a correct answer. The nurse should advise the client and their caregiver to use memory aids such as calendars, clocks, or lists, as this can help enhance memory and orientation in clients who have AD. Memory aids can provide cues or reminders for the client about important information such as dates, events, tasks, or names.

Choice C reason:

This is a correct answer. The nurse should advise the client and their caregiver to engage in physical and mental activities that are enjoyable and stimulating, as this can help preserve cognitive function and well-being in clients who have AD. Physical and mental activities can improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, stimulate neural connections, enhance mood and self-esteem, and prevent boredom and depression.

Choice D reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The nurse should not advise the client and their caregiver to avoid social interactions that may cause stress or confusion, as this can have negative effects on cognitive function and well-being in clients who have AD. Social interactions can provide emotional support, companionship, communication skills, and cognitive stimulation for the client. The nurse should encourage the client and their caregiver to maintain social contacts and participate in activities that are appropriate for the client's level of functioning and interest.

Choice E reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The nurse should not advise the client and their caregiver to limit fluid intake and caffeine consumption, as this can have negative effects on cognitive function and well-being in clients who have AD. Fluid intake and caffeine consumption are not directly related to the cause or progression of AD, and limiting them can cause dehydration, constipation, or headaches. The nurse should advise the client and their caregiver to ensure adequate hydration and nutrition for the client and avoid substances that may interfere with sleep quality or medication effectiveness, such as alcohol or nicotine.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

This is a correct answer. The nurse should explain to the client that donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works by increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain, which is a neurotransmitter that is involved in memory, learning, and cognition. Donepezil can slow down the progression of AD and improve the client's memory and thinking abilities.

Choice B reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The nurse should not tell the client that donepezil will increase the level of dopamine in the brain and reduce their tremors and rigidity. This is not the mechanism or effect of donepezil, but rather levodopa or carbidopa, which are medications used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, which affects movement and cognition.

Choice C reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The nurse should not tell the client that donepezil will prevent the inflammation and swelling in their brain and reduce their headaches and confusion. This is not the mechanism or effect of donepezil, but rather corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are medications used to treat encephalitis or meningitis. Encephalitis or meningitis are inflammatory conditions of the brain or meninges that can be caused by various viruses or bacteria.

Choice D reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The nurse should not tell the client that donepezil will enhance the transmission of nerve impulses in their brain and improve their mood and behavior. This is not the mechanism or effect of donepezil, but rather antidepressants or mood stabilizers, which are medications used to treat depression or bipolar disorder. Depression or bipolar disorder are mood disorders that affect the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the brain.

A. "This medication will help reduce the symptoms of PD by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain." B. "This medication will help prevent the development of dyskinesia or involuntary movements in my loved one." C. "This medication will help increase the duration and quality of sleep in my loved one." D. "This medication will help improve the mood and motivation of my loved one."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The caregiver does not need further teaching if they say that pramipexole will help reduce the symptoms of PD by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain. Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist that works by mimicking the action of dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter that is deficient in PD and affects movement and cognition. Pramipexole can reduce tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability in clients who have PD.

Choice B reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The caregiver does not need further teaching if they say that pramipexole will help prevent the development of dyskinesia or involuntary movements in their loved one. Dyskinesia is a common side effect of levodopa-carbidopa, which is another medication used to treat PD. Pramipexole can delay or reduce the occurrence of dyskinesia by allowing lower doses of levodopa-carbidopa to be used.

Choice C reason:

This is an incorrect answer. The caregiver does not need further teaching if they say that pramipexole will help increase the duration and quality of sleep in their loved one. Sleep disturbances are common in clients who have PD, due to various factors such as nocturia, pain, restless legs syndrome, or anxiety. Pramipexole can improve sleep quality and quantity by reducing nighttime awakenings and increasing REM sleep.

Choice D reason:

This is a correct answer. The caregiver needs further teaching if they say that pramipexole will help improve the mood and motivation of their loved one. This is not the purpose or effect of pramipexole, but rather antidepressants or stimulants, which are medications used to treat depression or apathy, respectively. Depression or apathy are common neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD, which affect the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the brain.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregiver about non-pharmacological interventions to manage the disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregiver about the medication donepezil. The client asks the nurse, "How will this medication help me?" How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the education provided to a client who has Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregiver about the medication pramipexole. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson's disease (PD) and is prescribed levodopa-carbidopa. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client about taking this medication?

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of the education provided to a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregiver about the medication memantine. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their caregiver about non-pharmacological interventions to manage the disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is planning care for a client who has Parkinson's disease (PD) and experiences freezing episodes. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

A nurse is assessing a client who has Parkinson's disease (PD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is caring for a client who has Alzheimer's disease (AD). The client's family asks the nurse about the cause and progression of the disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?