A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which of the following explanations by the nurse best simplifies and explains the disorder in non-medical terms?

Crohn's disease causes continuous inflammation of the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the colon and rectal linings.

Crohn's disease is characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores.

Crohn's disease looks like what would appear to be a second-degree burn in the colon and rectum areas only.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Crohn's disease causes continuous inflammation of the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the colon and rectal linings: This description is more applicable to ulcerative colitis, which involves continuous inflammation and primarily affects the colon and rectum, not Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the GI tract.

B. Crohn's disease is characterized by a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract: While this is an accurate medical description of Crohn’s disease, it uses technical language that may be difficult for a patient to understand.

C. Crohn's disease has the appearance of a patchwork quilt with some areas that are clear and some with sores. This description provides a clear and visual explanation of the nature of Crohn’s disease, which typically affects the gastrointestinal tract in a "skip lesion" pattern, where some areas are inflamed (sores), and others appear normal (clear areas).

D. Crohn's disease looks like what would appear to be a second-degree burn in the colon and rectum areas only: This description is inaccurate for Crohn’s disease, as it implies the disease is limited to the colon and rectum, which is not the case. Crohn’s can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A history of chronic headaches and migraines: While chronic headaches and migraines can affect overall health, they are not directly related to pyelonephritis.

B. A history of gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome: Gastrointestinal issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are generally unrelated to kidney function or urinary tract infections.

C. A history of cardiovascular problems such as hypertension: While hypertension can have indirect effects on renal function, it is not a common historical detail specifically associated with pyelonephritis.

D. A history of frequent urinary tract infections: Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant risk factor for developing pyelonephritis, as the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys.

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys. B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys. C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down. D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys: Inflammation is not the primary mechanism of decreased GFR in ATN. It is more related to cellular damage and dysfunction.

B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys: While reduced blood flow can contribute to acute kidney injury, the ongoing decline in GFR in ATN is due to tubular damage, not ongoing ischemia.

C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down: Obstruction is not the key issue in ATN; rather, it’s the tubular cell injury that disrupts filtration.

D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) involves damage to the renal tubular cells, which disrupts the ability of the nephrons to filter blood efficiently. This cellular injury is the primary cause of the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ATN.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who has recently been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Which of the following explanations by the nurse best simplifies and explains the disorder in non-medical terms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the process of collecting a comprehensive medical history from a client who has been admitted with pyelonephritis, which of the following symptoms or historical details would the nurse most likely expect the client to report?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient undergoing chemotherapy reports painful oral ulcers, difficulty eating, and a metallic taste in the mouth. The nurse suspects stomatitis. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this patient?

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When caring for older adult clients at a long-term care facility, which of the following assessments should the nurse prioritize when evaluating for the risk and presence of urinary retention? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting? (Select All that Apply.)

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A female presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Which of the following findings on physical examination would most likely support a diagnosis of cystitis?

A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as unique for this age group?