A nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents about sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Which statement by the nurse accurately describes a risk factor for chlamydia?

Choice A rationale:

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a well-known complication of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly gonorrhea and chlamydia.

PID can lead to serious health issues, including chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.

It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of this complication when discussing STIs.

Choice B rationale:

Rheumatoid arthritis is not a complication of STIs.

It is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints.

There is no direct link between STIs and the development of rheumatoid arthritis.

Choice C rationale:

Neonatal herpes is a complication of genital herpes when it is transmitted from an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth.

While it is related to an STI, it is not a complication discussed in the context of adult STIs, which is the focus of the question.

Choice D rationale:

Cardiovascular syphilis is a late-stage complication of syphilis but is not typically discussed as a complication of other STIs.

It involves damage to the cardiovascular system, such as the aorta.

This choice is not relevant to the general discussion of STI complications.

Choice E rationale:

Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is an inflammatory condition that can develop after certain infections, including some STIs like chlamydia.

However, it is not a commonly discussed complication of STIs compared to PID, which is a more significant concern.

The correct answer is Choice B, gonorrhea.

Choice A rationale: HIV is not the most likely cause of these symptoms. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, but it does not usually cause urethral discharge, dysuria, or testicular pain. HIV may cause flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat, rash, or swollen glands in the early stages of infection, but these are not specific to HIV and may not appear at all. HIV can also cause opportunistic infections and cancers that affect different parts of the body, but these usually occur in the later stages of the disease when the immune system is severely compromised. Therefore, HIV is not the best answer for this question12

Choice B rationale: Gonorrhea is the most likely cause of these symptoms. Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection that can affect the genitals, anus, throat, or eyes. Gonorrhea can be transmitted through sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Gonorrhea can cause urethral discharge, dysuria, and testicular pain in men. The urethral discharge may be yellow, green, or white, and may have a foul smell. The dysuria may be burning or painful. The testicular pain may be accompanied by swelling or tenderness of the scrotum. Gonorrhea can also cause complications such as epididymitis, prostatitis, urethral stricture, or infertility if left untreated. Gonorrhea can be diagnosed by testing a urine sample or a swab from the affected site. Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics, but some strains of gonorrhea are resistant to certain drugs, so it is important to follow the prescribed regimen and avoid sexual contact until cured. Therefore, gonorrhea is the best answer for this question34

Choice C rationale: Syphilis is not the most likely cause of these symptoms. Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can affect the genitals, anus, mouth, skin, or internal organs. Syphilis can be transmitted through sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex, or through contact with a syphilis sore. Syphilis has four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. In the primary stage, syphilis causes a painless ulcer or chancre at the site of infection, which may be on the penis, scrotum, anus, or mouth. The chancre usually heals within 3 to 6 weeks, but the infection remains in the body. In the secondary stage, syphilis causes a rash that may cover the whole body, including the palms and soles, and may be accompanied by fever, headache, sore throat, swollen glands, or hair loss. The rash and other symptoms usually resolve within a few weeks or months, but the infection remains in the body. In the latent stage, syphilis has no symptoms, but can be detected by a blood test. The latent stage can last for years or decades, and the infection can still be transmitted to others. In the tertiary stage, syphilis causes serious damage to the heart, brain, nerves, bones, joints, or other organs, which can lead to death. Syphilis can be diagnosed by testing a blood sample or a sample from a syphilis sore. Syphilis can be treated with antibiotics, but the damage caused by the infection may not be reversible. Therefore, syphilis is not the best answer for this question.

Choice D rationale: Genital herpes is not the most likely cause of these symptoms. Genital herpes is a viral infection that can affect the genitals, anus, or mouth. Genital herpes can be transmitted through sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex, or through contact with a herpes sore or blister. Genital herpes can cause painful blisters or ulcers on the genitals, anus, or mouth, which may break open and form scabs. Genital herpes can also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, or swollen glands in the first outbreak, which usually occurs within 2 to 12 days after exposure. Genital herpes can recur periodically, usually triggered by stress, illness, or other factors. Genital herpes can be diagnosed by testing a sample from a herpes sore or blister, or by testing a blood sample. Genital herpes cannot be cured, but antiviral medications can reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission to others. Therefore, genital herpes is not the best answer for this question.