A nurse is providing education to a group of expectant parents about modifiable risk factors for congenital heart diseases. Which factor should the nurse emphasize as one that can be modified during pregnancy?

A) This option is incorrect. Family history of congenital heart diseases is a significant risk factor. If a close family member has had a congenital heart defect, the risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies may be higher.

B) Correct answer. Exposure to certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella (German measles), can increase the risk of congenital heart diseases in the baby. Rubella is known to be teratogenic, meaning it can cause birth defects.

C) This option is incorrect. While a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy is important for overall maternal and fetal health, it is not the primary risk factor for congenital heart diseases.

D) This option is incorrect. While genetic factors play a significant role in the etiology of congenital heart diseases, there are other identifiable risk factors, as mentioned in option B.

A. This statement indicates a misunderstanding. Congenital heart diseases are present at birth and are not caused by infections, lifestyle factors, or events during childhood. This shows the client needs further education.

B. This statement is accurate because congenital heart diseases are structural or functional heart problems present from birth.

C. This statement is correct. Some congenital heart defects can be detected before birth using fetal echocardiography.

D. This statement is correct. Management of congenital heart diseases can include medications, surgical interventions, or other medical treatments depending on the condition.